SF 235- 
.P5 
Copy 1 



A Handbook 

of 

Dairy Statistics 



By T. R. PIRTLE, Dairy Division 




UNITED STATES 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



Contribution from tlie Bureau of Animal Industry 

JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief 

Washington, D. C. June, 1922 



GOVERNMENT PRINTINQ OFFICE : 1982 



A. I. 37 



A Handbook 

of 

Dairy Statistics 



By T. R. PIRTLE, Dairy Division 




UNITED STATES 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 

JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief 

Washington, D. C. June, 1922 

GOVERNMENT PRINTINQ OFFICE : 1022 



A HANDBOOK OF DAIRY STATISTICS. 

By T. R. PiRTLE. SF'C:.'^5 

,f? 

EXPLANATORY NOTE. 

Original sources and final figures are used in the tables 
where practicable. Preliminary figures, i. e., figures not 
finally verified, have been presented in a few instances to 
bring them up to date; but such figures are always so indi- 
cated in the tables. Many countries have found it neces- 
sary to revise the statistics gathered during the war, espe- 
cially those relating to the number of cattle. During the 
war preliminary figures were not always indicated, but 
later checking up has shown them to be approximately 
correct, although the final figures vary from them to some 
extent. 

(YB.) used in connection with a table indicates that the 
table may be continued to cover the latest figures available 
by reference to the Yearbook of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, as well as to the original source. 

*'* Special imports" are imports brought into a country for 
consumption. "General imports" are for all purposes, 
and a part may 1 e reexported. "Domestic exports" are 
of goods produced within a country. 

Units of weight used to convert foreign or metric weights 

to pounds, United States, are: 

Pounds. 

Ikilogram 2. 2046 

1 quintal 220.46 

1 poud ( Russian) 36. 1128 

1 hundredweight (English) 112. 

Ipound (Spanish pound for Cuba) 1. 0161 

The terms "dairy cows" and "cows" do not mean the 
same, the latter term including cows not used for dairy 
purposes. The number of "cows" was used when the 
number of "dairy cows" was not obtainable. 

Where blank spaces are left in tables records were not 
made or were not available. 

When figures are given for any year it may be assumed 

that it is the calendar year unless otherwise statj^^oi^^though 

LMi?TA^\J OF CONGfTfiSS 

RECEIVED 

AUG151922 

0OCUM^(^TS OiViSION 



^ someof the authorities are indefinite on this point. Where 

O the fiscal year is used, the date of ending is often changed 

^ in the middle of the series of years given. 

^ The sources of the data quoted from United States Gov- 
ernment publications are as follows: Department of Agri- 
culture — Bureau of Animal Industry, Bureau of Statistics/ 
Bureau of Crop Estimates, ^ and Bureau of Markets ;2 
Department of Commerce — Census Bureau and Commerce 
and Navigation Reports; Treasury Department — Bureau 
of Internal Revenue. 

Reconstruction of territory recognized in all countries, 
1919 and later. 

1 Bureau of Statistics is a former designation for the Bureau of Crop 
Estimates. 

2 The Bureau of Markets and the Bureau of Crop Estimates were con- 
solidated July 1, 1921, and are now Icnown as the "Bureau of Markets 
and Crop Estimates." 



THE STATISTICS of an industry show its trend 
and form a basis for action toward it" best 
development. Because data regarding dairy prod- 
ucts and the trade in d-airy products have never 
been brought together for convenient reference, 
attention has not been given to the trend of dairying 
in the degree that its importance warrants. To 
remedy this condition this volume has been prepared. 
In it will be found the available statistics on dairy 
production and trade which may be of value to the 
dairy industry. 



GENERAL STATISTICS. 



Table 1.— POPULATION of various countries. 

[Statesman's Year Book.] 



Country. 


Year. 


Population, 




11915 

2 1919 
11918 

1919 
M910 

1919 
1 1911 

1919 

3 1915 
U918 

1919 
M913 

1919 
U910 

1919 
U911 
11916 

1919 
I 1916 

1919 

3 1916 
1919 

1 1918 
1 1916 

1919 
11911 

1919 

11911 
1919 
11911 
1 1918 
11918 
1919 

4 1911 
1919 

3 1915 
1919 
11914 
1919 
3 1915 
M920 
11918 


8, 288, 779 


Do 


8,279,159 
4 981 000 


Australia 


Do 


6,067,430 
49,211,727 




Do. . . . 


16 067 430 


Belgium 


7,490,411 
7,555,576 


Do 


Canada 


8,134 000 


Denmark 


3, 005, 000 


Do 


2,940,979 
39,674 000 


France .... 


Do 


41,475,523 
64,925,993 
55,086,000 
315, 083, 000 


Germany 


Do 


India, British 


Italy 


36,716,522 


Do 


36,740,000 
55 965 292 


Japan .. 


Do 


57'070'000 
6,583,227 
6,778,699 
1, 150, 000 


Netherlands... 


Do 


New Zealand 


Norway 


2,541 003 


Do 


2, 632, 010 


Poland 


12,467,300 


Do , . 


30,072,181 

167,003,400 
131, 700, 800 


Russia: 

Empire 


European 


Siberia 


8,719,200 


South Africa (British) 


7, 000, 000 




20,095,272 


Do. 


20,719,598 
5,522,403 
5,813,850 


Sweden 


Do 


Switzerland. 


3,880,500 
3,937,000 


Do 




46,089,249 
46,000,000 


Do 


United States. 


98,635,073 

105,710,620 

1,409,000 


Do 


Uruguay 







1 Estimate. 

2 Source or method of estimate not stated for 1919. 

3 Prorated. 
* Census. 



(4) 



Table 2.— Average YIELD of MILK per year of milk 
cows in various countries. 

[Various sources.] 



Country, 



Netherlands 

Switzerland 

United Kingdom . 

Denmark 

Germany 

Canada 

United States 

Do 





Average 


Year. 


yield of 




milk. 




Pounds. 


1902 


7,585 


1914 


6, 950 


1914 


5,934 


1914 


5,666 


1912- 


4,350 


1911 


3,779 


1917 


3,716 


1920 


3,627 



Coimtry. 



Norway. 
Sweden.. 
Japan... 
Hungary 
Australia 

Italy 

Chile.... 
Siberia... 



YeSr. 



1910 
1911 
1918 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1916 



Average 

yield of 

milk. 



Pounds. 
3,680 
3,600 
3,339 
2,932 
2,719 
2,279 
1.520 
1.192 



Table 3.— Average per capita CONSUMPTION of 
WHOLE MILK in various countries per year. 

[Numerous authorities.] 



Country. 



Sweden 

Denmark 

Switzerland. . 

Germany 

Belgium 

United States 
Do 





Milk 


Year. 


con- 




sumed. 




Gallons. 


1914 


69.7 


1914 


68. 5 


1914 


67.4 


1913 


61.0 


1895 


44.0 


1917 


42.4 


1920 


43.0 



Country, 



Netherlands 

Canada 

Hungary 

United "Kingdom 

Italy 

Hawaii 



Year. 



1902 
1916 
1914 
1914 
1913 
1916 



Milk 
con- 
sumed. 



Gallons. 
39.5 
26.0 
24.3 
22.2 
4.2 
1.0 



Table 4.— Average per capita CONSUMPTION of 
BUTTER in various countries per year. 

[Numerous authorities.] 



Country. 


Year. 


Butter 

con- 
sumed. 


Country. 


Year. 


Butter 
con- 
sumed. 


Canada 


1911 
1913 
1914 
1914 
1909 
1919 
1914 


Pounds. 
27.7 
25.6 
21.7 
19.0 
17.5 
15.5 
17.0 


Netherlands 

Sweden 


1917 
1917 
1913 
1906 
1914 
1913 
1913 


Pounds. 
16 8 


AustraUa.. 


16 5 


New Zealand 


Germanj'^ 


14.7 


Denmark 


Is orway 


14 


United States 

Do 


Switzerland 

Italy 


12.1 
2.5 


United Kingdom . . 


Argentina i 


1.8 



Factory butter only, 



6 



Table 5.— Average per capita CONSUMPTION 
CHEESE in various countries per year. 

[Numerous authorities.] 



of 



Country. 


Year. 


Cheese 
con- 
sumed. 


Country. 


Cheese 
Year, con- 
sumed. 


Switzerland. 


1914 
1912 
1914 
1905 
1912 
1892 
1910 


Pounds. 

26.4 

13. 3 

12.3 

11.2 

9.5 

S. 1 

7.1 


Italy 


1913 
1913 
1919 
1909 
1911 
1914 
1913 


Pounds. 
4 8 






4.8 


Denmark 


United States i 

Do.i 


2 4,2 


United Kingdom . . 


3 8 


Canada 


3.0 


France 


New Zealand 

Argentina •< 


3 




2.9 







Census. 



Including cottage cheese. 



Factory cheese only. 



Table 6.— Trend of COW-TESTING ASSOCIATIONS. 



[Cooperative Danish agricultural 
No. 


societies and Canada News Letter, 
15, 1920.] 




Year 
begun. 


Early records. 


Country. 


Year 
re- 
ported. 


Num- 
ber of 
associa- 
tions. 


Mem- 
bers. 


Cows. 


Denmark .... 


1895 
1S97 
1898 
1898 
1900 
1900 
1903 
1904 
1904 
1905 
1906 


1916 
1914 
1911 
1914 
1916 
1910 
1914 
1914 
1911 
1915 
1917 


676 

792 
682 
138 
242 


15, 865 
13, 209 
9,950 


239, 790 
351, 857 




Sweden 


203, 716 


Norway 


36, 882 
82,276 

77, 000 




4,369 


Holland .. 


Scotland 


36 

""244" 

20 

459 


641 

2,109 


26, 424 


Canada 


19, 156 


Austria . . 


16, 000 


England 


398 
11, 720 


9.800 


United States 


211,986 







Country. 



Year 
begun . 



Later records. 



Year 
re- 
ported. 



Num- 
ber of 
associa- 
tions. 



Mem- 
bers. 



Cows. 



Denmark 

Germany 

Sweden 

Norway 

Finland 

Scotland 

Canada 

England 

United States . 
Do 



1897 
1898 
1898 
1900 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 



1919 
1919 
1919 
1919 
1919 
1918 
1920 
1919 
1919 



636 
333 
427 
102 
142 
22 



15,000 
4,560 
5, 503 
2,080 
2,463 
426 
3,847 



44 
385 



10,000 
11,918 



208,900 
135, 540 
102, 812 
23, 286 
41,927 
17, 827 
33, 382 
32,000 
167, 313 
203,472 



Table 7.— PRODUCTION and EXPORTATION of 
BUTtER for various countries. 

[Numerous authorities.] 



Country. 


Year. 


Production. 


Exports. 


United States ... 


1909 
1919 
1913 
1913 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1911 
1908 
1912 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1914 
1916 


Pounds . 

1,621,000,000 

1,648,505,382 

8S1, 840, 000 

326,253,000 

286,598,000 

257,484,000 

182,469,000 

201, 808, 000 

1177,000,000 

147,835,000 

2 110,000,000 

63, 273, 000 

2 62, 135, 000 

37,000,000 

20, 518, 000 

15, 980, 000 


Ppunds. 
5,981,000 
34,556,485 
602, 000 


Do 


Germany 


Russia (including Siberia) 

France 


172,003,000 
44, 619, 000 


Denmark 


210, 084, 000 


Australia . . 


16, 722, 000 


Canada 


3,142,000 


United Kingdom 


1, 125, 000 


Netlierlands . . ■ . . 


86, 307, 000 


Italy 


9,310,000 




40, 167, 000 


Sweden 


28, 704, 000 


Switzerland 


2,646 




7,676,000 


Union of South Africa 


(3) 







1 Factory butter only, for Ireland. 2 Factory butter only. ^ None. 

Table 8. — Approximate amount of MILK SOLIDS in 
dairy products. 

[Various authorities.] 



Product. 



Milk 
solids 
(includ- 
ing fat). 



Milk: 

Whole milk 

Skim milk 

Condensed, sweetened (legal)' 

Condensed and evaporated, not sweetened (legal) 

Condensed and evaporated skim milk, sweetened (legal) 

Powder- 
Whole milk (legal) 

Skim milk (legal) 

Cream 

Malted (7h per cent fat) 

Buttermilk 

Sugar 

Chocolate 

Whey 

Buttermilk 

Cream: 

20 per cent fat 

40 per cent fat 

Butter, 82 per cent fat 

Cheese: 

Cheddar (milk with 4 per cent fat) 

Cottage 

Ice cream : 

10 per cent fat 

14 per cent fat 



Per cent. 
13.0 
9.2 

28.0 
25.5 
28.0 

295.0 
95.0 
95.0 
25.0 
95.0 
72.7 
12.0 
7.0 
8.4 

26.7 
43.5 
83.0 

63.0 
62.6 

20.0 
20. 



1 U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, B. A. I. Cir. 36. 

2 The moisture of whole and skimmed-milk powder commercially is 
about 2 per cent. 



Table 9.— STANDARDS of BUTTERFAT and limit of 
MOISTURE in BUTTER in various countries. 

[Various sources.] 





Country. 


Butterfat 
(min.). 


Moisture 
(max.). 




Per cent. 


Per cent. 
16.0 


Australia 


82.0 
80.0 
82.0 
82.0 


16.0 


Victoria 


15.0 


West Australia 


15.0 




16.0 


Sweden . . . .... 


16.0 


Italy 


82.0 






16.0 


Germany: 
Salted. 


80.0 
82.0 


16.0 


Unsalted 


18.0 


Finland. , .. 


16.0 


Switzerland (six 


cantons) . . 


82.0 


15.0 


Denmark 




16.0 


United States 


82.5 


(1) 







Below 16. 



Table 10.— WEIGHT of MILK and CREAM, with vary- 
ing per cent of fat content at 68° F. 

[Department of Agriculture Bulletin 98.] 



Product. 


Fat con- 
tent. 


Weight 

per 
gallon. 


Skim milk 




Per cent 
by weight. 

o:o2 

3.00 
3.5 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
10.0 
12.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 
35.0 
40.0 


Pounds. 
8.63 


Whole milk . 


8.60 


Do 


8.59 


Do 


8.58 


Do . .. . . 


8.58 


Do 


8.57 


Modified milk 


8.53 


Cream 


8.50 


Do.. 


8.47 


Do 


8.43 


Do 


8.39 


Do 


8.31 


Do... 


8.28 







Milk is generally figured at 8.6 pounds and cream (18 to 20 per cent 
fat) at 8.4 pounds per gallon. 



9 



Table 11.— PROPORTION of YEARLY BUTTERFAT 
RECEIPTS, received monthly by creameries in Iowa, 
Minnesota, and Wisconsin, for !he years 1913 to 1916. 

[Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry.] 



Month. 


Butterfat. 


Month. 


' 


Butterfat. 


January.. 


Per cent. 
6.53 
6.46 
7.11 
7.45 
10.71 
12.33 
11.20 


August . 


Per cent. 
9.81 


February 


September 


8.65 




October 


7.53 


April ... 


November. 


6 07 


May 




6.09 


June 


Total 




July 


100 00 








Table 12.— NORMAL FOOD for the United 

[Royal Society Food Comm., Mar. 30, 1917.] 


Kingdom. 


Food. 


Food 
energy. 


Cereals 


Per cent. 
34 


(Wheat 30 per cent.) 
Meat (including poultry and game) 






18 






15 


Sugar 


13 


Potatoes 


s 


Fruits, fish, etc - - 


12 








Total 


100 







Table 13.— QUANTITY of MILK used at United States 
Dairy Experiment Farm, Beltsville, Md., to raise a 
calf. 





Quantity of feed consumed. 


Feed. 


During 

first 6 

months. 1 


During 
first 
year.i 


During 

two 
years.* 


Milk 


Pounds. 
125.3 
2,486.1 
317.7 
112.1 
72S.5 


Pounds. 
125.3 

2,486.1 
883.3 
566. 1 

3,647.5 


Pounds. 
125 3 


Skim milk 


2,486.1 
2 107 3 


Grain 


Hay, alfalfa 


1 599 1 


Silage, corn 


11 164 6 







1 Average of 12 calves. 

* Average of 11 calves; 4 of the calves were purebred or grade Hol- 
steins and 7 were purebred or grade Guernseys. Average live weight 
at two years, 861 pounds. 

75578°— 22 2 



10 



UNITED STATES STATISTICS. 

Table 14.— Nixmber and percentages of CATTLE of 
various BREEDS in the United States, 1920. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



Cattle. 



Is 






CI . 



Aberdeen Angus 

Ayrshire 

Brown Swiss 

Devon 

Dutch Belted . . . 

Galloway 

Guernsey 

Hereford 

Holstein 

Jersey 

Polled Durham. 

RedPoUed 

Shorthorn 

Other breeds 

Nondescript 

Total 



Number. 

2,479,000 

412,000 

170,000 

175,000 

157,000 

534,000| 

1,993,000 

14,302,000 

11,069,000 

9,554,000 

1,033,000 

1,772,000 

15,429,000 

2,107,000 

7,044,000 



P.ct 

3.6 

.6 

.3 

.3 

.2 

.8 

2.9 

21.0 

16.2 

14.0 

1.5 

2.6 

22.6 

3.1 

10.3 



68,230,000100.0 



P.ct. 

0.3 

4.8 

.4 

.4 

.4 

.1 

8.8 

1.7 

54.0 

14.3 

.1 

.2 

5.4 

2.2 



P.ct. 
3.6 

.4 

.7 

.1 

.1 

.7 

6.3 

7.8 

29.3 

15.3 

1.8 

1.7 

23.3 

2.1 

6.8 



P.ct. 
.9 
.3 
.2 
.1 
.1 
.8 



4.8 
1.9 
3.3 
36.2 
2.3 
7.3 



P.ct. 

2.9 

.3 

.1 

.7 

.1 

.2 

3.6 

9.1 

9.0 

29.5 

.4 

1.6 

9.5 

6.8 

26.2 



P.ct. 
3.1 



22.5 
5.2 

23.8 
2.4 
5.4 

15.9 
4.9 

15.0 



P.ct. 

0.8 
.2 
.1 
.4 



1.3 

40.9 

14.9 

8.8 

.9 

.5 

21.9 

1.8 

7.2 



100.0 



100.0 



100.0100.0 



100.0 



100.0 



The information was brought out by an inquiry sent to 14,000 special 
livestock reporters of the bureau. Grades and scrubs were included in 
the breed iu which the type predominated. 

Table 15.— Number and value of CATTLE EXPORTED 
from the United States. 

[Comanerce and Navigation Reports; (YB.).] 



Year ended 


Cattle. 


Year ended 


Cattle. 


June 30. 


Number. 


Value. 


June 30. 


Number. 


Value. 


1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 


397,286 
459, 218 
392, 884 
402, 178 
593, 409 
567, 806 
584, 239 
423, 051 
349, 210 
207, 542 
139, 430 


$30,635,153 
37, 566, 980 
29, 902, 212 
29, 848, 936 
42,256,291 
40, 598, 048 
42, 081, 170 
34, 577, 392 
29, 339, 134 
18, 046, 976 
12, 200, 154 


1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1920 

1921 


150, 100 
105,506 
24,714 
18, 376 
5,484 
21, 287 
13, 387 
18, 213 
42,345 
83, 039 
145,623 


$13, 163, 920 

8, 870, 075 

1, 177, 199 

647, 288 

702, 847 

2, 378, 248 

949, 503 

1, 247, 800 

2, 092, 816 

11, 921, 518 

10,950,507 



11 



Table 16.— Number of DAIRY COWS and OTHER 
CATTLE on farms in the United States from 1840 to 
1922. 

[Census Bureau and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



Year. 


Milk cows 


Other 


Year. 


Milk cows 


Other 


on farms.i 


cattle. 


on farms.i 


cattle. 


18402.... 


4, 837, 043 


10, 171, 586 


19113.... 


20, 823, 000 


39,679,000 


18502.... 


6, 385, 094 


11, 393, 813 


1912 3.... 


20,699,000 


37,260,000 


1860 2.... 


8, 585, 735 


17, 034, 284 


19133.... 


20, 497, 000 


36, 030, 000 








1914 3.... 


20, 737, 000 


35, 855, 000 


18702.... 


8, 935, 332 


13, 566, 005 


1915 3.... 


21, 262, 000 


37,067,000 


18802.... 


12, 443, 120 


22, 488, 550 








18902.... 


16,511,950 


33, 734, 128 


19163.... 


22, 108, 000 


39, 812, 000 


19002.... 


17, 135, 633 


50, 083, 777 


19173.... 


22, 894, 000 


41,689,000 


19102.... 


20, 125, 432 


41, 178, 434 


19183.... 


23, 310, 000 


44,112,000 








1919 3.... 


23, 455, 000 


45,085,000 


1920 2.... 


519,671,777 


47, 139, 059 


1920 3.... 


23, 722, 000 


43,398,000 








19213.... 


123,594, 000 


41,993,000 








1922 4.... 


24,028,000 


41,324,000 



1 The number of cows within towns and villages amounts to 2,000,000. 

2 Census. The census report figures are for June 1, except for 1910, 
which is for April 15; and 1920, which was for January 1. 

3 Estimates, January 1. 

4 Preliminary. 

5 Dairy breeds only. 



Table 17.— Kind and number of PUREBRED CATTLE 
imported into the United States from 1885 to 1920, 
inclusive. 

[Bureau of Animal Industry.] 



Breed. 


Number. 


Breed. 


Number. 




14 

750 

1,762 

44 

1 

51 

69 

2,491 

62 

504 

10,114 


Hereford 


799 




Highland 


19 


Ayrshire 


Holstein 


1,864 


Zebu (buifalo) 


Jersey 


6,304 


Danish... 


Kerry and Dexter 

Red and Polled 

Simmenthal. . . 


243 


Devon 


520 


Dutch Belted 


24 






35 


French . 


Brown Swiss 


83 


rjnllnurnv 


Total 






25,753 









The figures for 1919 and 1920 include only those brought from over- 
seas, as data on purebreds from Canada are not available. Records of 
importations from Canada were incomplete for a large portion of this 
period. 



12 



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14 



Table 19.— Number and value of CATTLE IMPORTED 
into the United States for all purposes. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports; (YB.).] 





Cattle. 




Cattle. 


Year ended 






Year ended 






June 30. 






June 30. 








Number. 


Value. 




Number. 


Value. 


1900 


181, 006 


$2, 257, 694 


1911 


182, 923 


$2,953,077 


1901 


146, 022 


1, 931, 433 


1912 


318, 372 


4, 805, 574 


1902 


96,027 


1, 608, 722 


1913 


421, 649 


6, 640, 668 


1903 


66, 175 


1, 161, 548 


1914 


868, 368 


18,696,718 


1904 


16, 056 


310, 737 


1915 


538, 167 


17, 513, 175 


1905 


27, 855 


458, 572 


1916 


439, 185 


15, 187, 593 


1906 


29, 019 


548, 430 


1917 


374, 826 


13,021,259 


1907 


32, 402 


565, 122 


1918 


293, 719 


17, 852, 176 


1908 


92, 356 


1, 507, 310 


1919 


440, 399 


36, 995, 921 


1909 


139, 184 


1, 999, 422 


1920 


575, 328 


45,081,179 


1910 


195, 938 


2, 999, 824 


1921 


329,974 


23,634,361 



Table 20. — Number of cows in the United States which 
have produced 600 or more pounds of butterfat in a 
year prior to 1920, in the principal dairy breeds. 

[Herdbooks of cattle clubs.] 



Butterfat produced. 


Holstein- 
Friesian. 


Jersey. 


Guern- 
sey. 


Ayrshire.i 


Pounds. 
1 000 or more . 


27 
52 
126 
236 
590 


2 
15 
53 
148 

489 


2 
8 
27 
98 
297 





900 to 1,000 


2 


800 to 900 


12 


700 to 800 


25 


600 to 700 


77 







1 Complete to Apr. 15, 1921. 

The table shows the number of cows, at their highest yield, with the 
butterfat produced for the year. That is, 52 Holstein, 15 J'ersey, 8 Guern- 
sey, and 2 Ayrshire cows of record have produced 900 to 1,000 pounds of 
butterfat per cow in a year. 

Table 21. — Number of cattle registered by the Ayrshire 
Breeders' Association from 1910 to Dec. 31, 1921. 

[Secretary of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association.] 



Year. 


Bulls 
and 
cows. 


Year. 


Bulls 
and 
cows. 


1910 


3,233 
4,798 
2, 884 
3,950 
4,912 
4,439 


1916 


4,033 


1911 


1917 


4, 944 


1912 


1918 


8,494 
6, 148 


1913 


1919 


1914 


1920 


6,809 


1915 


1921 


5,874 









15 



Table 22. — Number of cattle registered by the American 
Guernsey Cattle Club, Jan. 1, 1900, to Dec. 31, 1921. 

[Secretary of the American Guernsey Cattle Club.] 



Year. 


Bulls. 


Cows. 


Total. 


Year. 


BuUs. 


Cows. 


Total. 


1900 


. 608 


896 


1,504 


1911 


2,402 


4,001, 


6,403 


1901 


647 


1,172 


1,819 


1912 


2,942 


4,578 


7.520 


1902 


726 


1,267 


1,993 


1913 


3,653 


5,642 


9,295 


1903 


746 


1,289 


2,035 


1914 


4,348 


6,937 


11,285 


1904 


737 


1,261 


1,998 


1915 


4,765 


6,535 


11,300 


1905 


847 


1,612 


2, 459 


1916 


5,030 


7,654 


12,684 


1906 


950 


1,964 


2,914 


1917 


6,167 


9,366 


15, 533 


1907 


1,118 


1,966 


3,084 


1918 


6,108 


9,356 


15, 464 


1908 


1,291 


2,191 


3,482 


1919 


7,648 


11, 781 


19, 429 


1909 


1,841 


3,836 


5,677 


1920 


7,427 


11,956 


19,383 


1910 


2,420 


4,194 


6,614 


1921 


8,036 


13,971 


22,007 



The total number of animals in the herdbook of the American Guern- 
sey Cattle Club to Jan. 1, 1921. is: Bulls, 68,804; cows, 112,003; total, 
180,807. 

Table 23. — Number of cattle registered by the Hoist ein- 
Friesian Association of America for the years 1900 to 
1921, inclusive. 

[Secretary, Holstein-Friesian Association.] 



Year 








Year 








ended 


BuUs. 


Cows. 


Total. 


ended 


Bulls. 


Cows. 


Total. 


Apr. 30— 








Apr. 30- 








1900 


1,365 


3,381 


4,746 


1911 


12, 472 


20, 417 


32, 889 


1901 


1,460 


3,648 


5,108 


1912 


13, 743 


23, 792 


37, 535 


1902 


1,738 


4,252 


5,990 


1913 


16, 364 


26, 951 


43,315 


1903 


2,088 


4,753 


6,841 


1914 


18, 336 


29, 750 


48,086 


1904 


2,477 


5,567 


8,044 


1915 


25, 617 


42, 063 


67,680 


1905 


3,226 


6,547 


9,773 


1916 


26, 116 


48, 549 


72,665 


1906 


3,842 


7,918 


11, 760 


1917 


24, 749 


49,098 


73, 847 


1907 


4,841 


9,809 


14, 650 


1918 


28, 730 


59, 549 


88,279 


1908 


5,684 


10, 850 


16, 534 


1919 


30, 298 


60, 589 


90, 887 


1909 


7, 021 


12, 570 


19, 591 


1920 


36, 791 


77, 712 


114,503 


1910 


9,689 


16, 487 


26, 176 


1921 


39, 585 


88, 265 


127, 850 



Table 24.— Number of cattle registered by the American 
Jersey Cattle Club for the years 1900 to 1921. 

[Secretary, American Jersey Cattle Club.] 



Year. 


Bulls. 


Cows. 


Total. 


Year. 


Bulls. 


Cows, 


Total. 


1900 


2,798 


8,750 


11,548 


1911 


7,229 


16, 282 


23,511 


1901 


2,567 


8,045 


10,612 


1912 


7,5t;2 


10,591 


24, 153 


1902 


2, 471 


7,580 


10,051 


1913 


9,147 


19, 481 


28,628 


1903 


2,370 


7,240 


9,010 


1914 


10,079 


22, 861 


32,940 


1904 


2,373 


7,404 


9,837 


1915 


9, 475 


22, 957 


32,432 


1905 


2,640 


7,735 


10,375 


1916 


10, 242 


24,997 


35,239 


1900 


3,019 


8,652 


11,671 


1917 


14, 446 


33,960 


48,406 


1907 


3,752 


9,383 


13, 135 


1918 


8, 904 


25, 398 


34,302 


1908 


4,148 


10, 135 


14,283 


1919 


10, 906 


30,424 


41,330 


1909 


5,249 


12,513 


17,762 


1920 


11,669 


32, 162 


43,831 


1910 


6,333 


14,509 


20, 842 


T921 


11,213 


31,123 


42,336 



16 



Table 25.— Number of COW-TESTING and BULL 
ASSOCIATIONS in the United States. 

[Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry.] 



Year. 


Cow-test- 
ing asso- 
ciations. 


Bull asso- 
ciations. 


Year. 


Cow-test- 
ing asso- 
ciations. 


Bull asso- 
ciations. 


190G 


1 

4 

(i 

25 

40 

61 

82 

100 


None. 
None. 
3 
8 
9 
11 
11 
12 


1914 


163 
211 
346 
459 
353 
385 
4(8 
452 


14 


1907 


1915 


15 


190S 


1916 


24 


1909 


1917 


36 


1910 . . 


1918. 


44 


1911 


1919 


78 


1912 


1920 


123 


1913 


1921 


158 









Number of bulls per bull association, average in each of the three years 
1918, 1919, 1920, was 5. 

Number of cows per bull association, average for the 3-year period, 233. 

Number of cows per block in bull associations, average for the 3-year 
period, 48. 

Number of members per bull association, average for the 3-vear period, 
38. 

Number of herds per cow-testing association, average for the 3-year 
period, 26.2. 

Number of cows per cow-testing association, average for the 3-year 
period, 448. 

Table 26. — Average of 120 sets of yearly records of 96 
COW-TESTING ASSOCIATIONS in the United 
States for the years 1910 to 1920, inclusive. 



[Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry.] 





Cows on 

test 
4 months 
and not 

more 
than 12. 




Cows on 

test 
4 months 
and not 

more 
than 12. 


Number of cows 

Number of cow-years i.. 


41, 990 

37,362 

5,989 

4.12 

247 

$0. 46 

112. 39 


Cost of rougliage 

Cost of grain.. ^ 


S32.03 
21.03 


Pounds of milk 


Total feed cost 


53.06 


Butterfat (per cent) 

Pounds of fat... 


Income over cost of feed 
Returns for $1 ex- 
pended for feed 


59.33 


Price of butterfat 

Value of product 


2.11 



1 A cow-year may be the record of 1 cow on test 12 months or it may be 
made up of the records of 2 or more cows, the sum of whose testing periods 
equals 12 months. 

The average yield of American farm cows from year to year is estimated 
at nearly 4,000 pounds of milk, or 160 pounds of butterfat per year. 



IT 



Table 27.— Estimated number and capacity of SILOS 
in important- dairy States for the year 1918. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



State. 



Number Average Total 
of silos, capacity, capacity. 



New York 

Pennsylvania... 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Micliigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

New England. . . 
All other States. 



55,000 
24,000 
25, OCO 
27, 000 
30, COO 
33,000 
55, 000 
15,000 
16,000 
13,000 
11,000 
10, 000 
35, 000 
55,000 



Tons. 
75 
65 
67 

70 
79 
70 
87 
95 

105 
90 

106 
80 
67 
77 



4,125,000 
1,500,000 
1,675,000 
1,890,000 
2,370,000 
2,310,000 
4,785,000 
1,425,000 
1,680,000 
1,170,000 
1,166,000 
800,000 
2,345,000 
4.235,000 



United States 404, 000 



78 31,536,000 



Table 28.— Total MILK PRODUCTION in the United 

States. 

[Bureau of the Census.] 



Year. 


Milk 
production. 


Remarks. 


1869 
1879 
1889 
1899 
1909 
1919 


Gallons. 
235, 500, 599 
530,129,755 
5,209,125,567 
7,728,583,349 
7,466,406,384 
7,805,143,792 


Sold from farms. 
Do. 

Including milk from town cows. 
Estimate by Bureau of the Census. 
Do. 



Table 29.— Estimates of PRODUCTION and USES of 
MILK in the United States. 

[Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, and Bureau of Markets 

and Crop Estimates.] 

[Million pounds— 000,000 omitted.] 





1917 


1918 


1919 


1920 


Product. 


Lbs. 


Per 

cent. 


Lbs. 


Per 
cent. 


Lbs. 


Per 
cent. 


Lbs. 


Per 
cent. 


Total production. . . 


84,612 


100 


87,906 


100 


90,058 


100 


89,657 


100 


Creamery butter . .\ 

Farm butter / 

Cheese 


34,664 

4,200 
2,438 
3,150 


2.9 
3.7 


16; 800 
14, 910 
4,000 
4,000 
3,300 
50 
38,900 
3,748 
2,198 


19.1 
16.9 
4.5 
4.5 
3.8 

u.l 

4.3 
2.5 


18,375 
14,385 
4,200 
4,813 
3,450 
216 
38,619 
3,500 
2,500 


20.4 
16.0 
4.7 
5.3 
3.8 
.2 
42.9 
3.9 
2.8 


18, 135 
14, 175 
3,624 
3,945 
3,575 
222 
39,090 
4,202 
2,689 


20.2 
15.8 
4.0 


Condensed milk 

Ice cream 


4.4 
4.0 




0.2 


Household use 

Fed to calves 

Waste or loss 


36,500 
3,660 


43.1 
4.3 


43.6 
4.7 
3.0 











75578 °-22- 



18 



Table 30.— Number and breeds of ACCREDITED and 
ONCE-TESTED CATTLE, showing cattle free from 
tuberculosis, as indicated by tuberculin test, up to 
June 30, 1920. 

[U. S. Department of Agriculture; Circular 142 (YB.).] 



Once-tested with- 
out reacting. 



Purebred. Grade 



In accredited 
herds. 



Purebred. Grade 



Aberdeen Angus 

Ayrshire 

Brown Swiss 

Devon 

Dutch Belted 

Galloway 

Guernsey 

Hereford 

Polled Hereford... 

Holstein-Friesian 

Jersey 

Red Polled 

Shorthorn , 

MiMng Shorthorn . 

Polled Shorthorn. . . 



3,286 
2,315 

686 

82 

48 

123 

9,049 

13,014 

1,120 

23, 916 

18, 045 

1,675 

20, 249 

162 

3G8 



2,095 

2,137 

350 

25 

271 

143 

15,538 

6,277 

197 

45.859 

56, 160 

1,285 

29, 601 

287 

234 



2,072 

1,291 

387 

34 

18 

38 

6,651 

5,117 

777 

11,141 

10, 369 

1,189 

7,606 

11 

320 



594 
274 
63 



40 

6,003 

1,816 

122 

12,599 

9,525 

155 

3,237 

15 

58 



Total 97,138 



160, 439 



47,021 



34,515 



A plan was adopted in 1917 by the Federal and State authorities to 
eradicate tuberculosis. This plan provides for "accredited herds." 

An accredited herd is one which has been tubercuUn-tested by the 
subcutaneous method, or any other test approved by the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, under the supervision of the Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry, or of a regularly employed veterinary inspector of a State in 
which cooperative tuberculosis-eradication worlc is conducted by the 
United States Department of Agriculture and the State. Further, it 
shall be a herd in which no animal affected with tuberculosis has been 
found upon two annual or three semiannual tuberculin tests, as de- 
scribed above, and by physical examination. 

On June 30, 1921, there were in the United States 8,201 accredited herds 
and 49,814 once-tested free herds. 



Table 31.- 



-PRICE of MILK in Chicago, net to farmer. 

[Milk News.] 





Price 




• Price 




Price 


Year. 


per 100 


Year. 


per 100 


Year. 


per 100 




pounds. 




pounds. 




pounds. 


1897 


$1.11 


1905 ; 


$1.43 


1913 


$1.99 


1898 


1.13 


1906 


1.38 


1914 


2.00 


1899 


1.25 


1907 


1.62 


1915 


1.98 


1900 


1.35 


1908 


1.73 


1916 


2.03 


1901 


1.39 


1909 


1.72 


1917 


2.66 


1902 


1.40 


1910 


1.83 


1918 


3.22 


1903 


1.48 


1911 


1.90 


1919 


3.65 


1904 


1.43 


1912 


1.89 


1920 


3.49 



19 



Table 32.— Total annual RECEIPTS of MARKET MILK 
in New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston. 

[MilkReportef.l 



Year. 


New York 
City. 


Phila- 
delphia. 


Boston. 


1893 


Gallons. 
85,910,050 
92,202,650 
115,022,450 
158,994,000 
175,021,150 
179,966,900 
178,897,450 
187,091,700 
200,049,100 
212, 170, 850 
217,634,900 
228,675,950 
229,785,750 
240,144,450 
243,929,500 
246,597 650 
260,547,370 
279,686,190 
307,431,106 
326,316,250 


Gallons. 


Gallons. 


1895 






1900 






1905 


30, 100, 242 
32,412,845 
33,982,797 
32,590,749 
36, 198, 715 
37,657,204 
40,625,144 
40,841,772 
43,354,701 
43,433,961 
44,607,224 
47,846,966 
46 714,093 
48,338,655 
53,953,142 
67,983,114 
74,266,288 




1906 


28,558,491 
27,470,547 
25,957,819 
27,020,734 
25 151 590 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


1911 


22' 523' 193 
28,004,808 
23,826,712 
25,909,556 
27 376 987 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


29' 629' 053 
35 180 444 


1917 


1918 


36,578,654 
39,177,071 
41,595,081 
42,348,423 


1919 


1920 


1921 





The receipts at New York were in the form of whole milk, cream, and 
condensed milk. 

In Boston the receipts were by railroad. Means of receipt in the other 
cities not stated. The totals for Boston from 1906 to 1916, inclusive, 
are from Massachusetts Public Document No. 60 (1917), and from 1917 
to 1919, from E. M. Uartwell, statistician, Boston. 

Table 33. — Prevailing New York price for Grade B milk, 
net to farmer. 

[Milk Reporter.] 





Average 




Average 




Average 


Year. 


price per 


Year. 


price per 


Year. 


price per 




quart. 




quart. 




quart. 




Cents. 




Cents. 




Cents. 


18751 


3.58 


1891 


2.66 


1907 


3.35 


1876 


3.37 


1892 


2.68 


1908 


3.29 


1877 


3.27 


1893 


2.79 


1909 


3.38 


18781 


2.60 


1894 


2.63 


1910 


3.68 


1879 


2.33 


1895 


2.52 


1911 


3.36 


1880 


2.88 


1896 


2.34 


1912 


3.68 


1881 


2.94 


1897 


2.35 


1913 


3.53 


1882 


3.25 


1898 


2.38 


1914 


3.50 


1883 


3.26 


1899 


2.53 


1915 


3.50 


1884 


3.00 


1900 


2.74 


1916 


3.88 


1885 


2.79 


1901 


2.62 


1917 


5.68 


1886 


2.80 


1902 


2.88 


1918 


7.00 


1887 


2.81 


1903 


2.88 


1919 


7.58 


1888 


2.83 


1904 


2.75 


1920 


7.57 


1889 


2.59 


1905 


2.89 


1921 


6.42 


1890 


2.63 


1906 


3.01 







1 Price in gold during period of inflated currency: 1875, 3.11 cents; 
1876, 3.02 cents; 1877, 3.12 cents; 1878, 2.58 cents. 



20 



Table 34. — Unit requirements for producing 100 pounds 
of milk in different sections of the United States. 

[Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry.] 



Item. 


Indiana.! 


Vermont.2 


North CaroUna.8 


Average yearly milk 
production per 
cow pounds.. 

Per cent butterfat. . . 


6,937 
3.8 


5,252 
3.9 


4, 915 








Winter. 


Sum- 
mer. 


Winter. 


Sum- 
mer. 


Winter. 


Sum- 
mer. 


Grain pounds.. 

Dry roughage. do 

Succulent roughage 
pounds.. 

Hauling and grind- 
ing concentrates. . . 

Bedding... pounds.. 

Pasture acres . . 


38.6 
66.8 

147.6 

$0.03 
20.3 


20.0 
27.4 

60.1 

$0.14 

"".'64' 

2.2 

.2 

$0. 393 


33.1 
129.9 

191.3 

$0.02 
11.2 

2.7 
.6 

$0. 555 


8.7 
18.7 

27.8 

$0,005 

""."16' 

2.0 

.4 

$0. 425 


57.8 

78.5 

181.5 


48.4 
36.9 

87.0 


$0,008 
.012 

3.6 

M.8 
$0. 537 


' '$6.' 205 


Human labor 

hours.. 

Horse labor... do — 
Other costs . 


2.5 

.3 

$0. 3S5 


3.2 

5 1.8 

$0,495 






Credit for calves 
part of calf. . 

Credit for manure 
pounds.. 


.012 
332 


.013 


.025 
382 


.009 
56 


i$0. 548 


$0,430 



Item. 


Washington." 


Louisiana. 6 


Nebraska.7 


Average yearly milk 
production per 
cow pounds.. 

Per cent butterfat. . . 


7,833 
3.7 

• 


3,106 
4.4 


5,823 
3.65 




Winter. 


Sum- 
mer. 


Winter. 


Sum- 
mer. 


Winter. 


Sum- 
mer. 


Grain pounds.. 

Dry roughage. do 

Succulent roughage 
pounds.. 

Hauling and grind- 
ing concentrates. . . 

Bedding... pounds.. 

Pasture acres. . 


29.4 
92. S 

143. 3 

$0. 022 
9.0 


5.2 

7.5 

40.4 

$0. 003 

.1 

.025 

1.3 

.015 
$0. 406 


72.4 
38.3 

78.4 

$0. 095 

.3 

$0. 155 

5.8 

.9 

$1. 220 


52.5 
1.9 

8.1 

$0. 050 

'$6.'i97' 

5.0 

.7 

$0. 803 


41.2 
95.3 

93.6 

$0,016 
11.1 

$0. 108 

2.0 

.06 

$0,869 


11.0 
51,2 

29.3 

$0,004 

.5 

$0,653 


Human labor 

hours.. 

Horse labor. . .do 

Other costs 


1.9 

.01 

$0,576 


1.9 
.08 

$0. 889 






Credit for calves 
part of calf.. 

Credit for manure 
poimds.. 


0.017 
115 


0.009 
13 


.033 

128 


.023 

78 


.02 

244 


.01 
20 



1 U. S. Dept. of Agric. Bui. 858. 
a U. S. Dept. of Agric. Bui. 923. 
8 U. S. Dept. of Agric. Bui. 266. 
< U. S. Dept. of Agric. Bui. 919. 



'•• Farmers retailed own milk. 
•6 U. S. Dept. of Agric. Bui. 955. 
^ U. S. Dept. of Agric. Bul.972. 



21 



Table 35.— Production of DAIRY PRODUCTS in the 
United States for the year IQJQ, by months. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 





Creamery 
butter. 


Whey 
butter. 


American Cheddar cheese. 


Swiss 
cheese 


Month. 


Whole 
milk. 


Part 
skim. 


Full 
skim. 


(includ- 
ing 
block). 


1919. 

Jan 

Feb 

Mar 

Apr 

May 

June 

July 

Aug 

Sept 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 


Pounds. 

52,198,95' 
44, 342, 56i 
54, 822, 39t 
67, 487, 31' 

103, 941, 02] 
119,357,49^ 

104, 751, 26( 
84, 840, 31( 
69, 102, 57J 
58,722,55' 
45, 040, 65f 
46, 662, 02] 


Pounds. 

372, 478 
225, 545 
276, 892 
383, 485 

596, 694 
717, 123 
694, 382 
657, 863 

597, 292 
424, 017 
430, 863 
220, 674 


Pounds. 
10, 955, 73^ 
11,854,73. 
19, 008, 97( 
21, 641, 72< 
34,849,06' 
44, 599, 12( 
35,465,01' 
30, 940, 23. 
26, 256, 54< 
23,114,45' 
13, 106, 75( 
10, 043, 64. 


Pounds. 
610, 541 
238, 703 
495, 475 
734, 953 
900, 810 
942, 233 
732, 809 
528, 176 
276, 674 
248, 049 
230, 276 
250,493 


Pounds. 
423, 537 
430, 574 
326, 297 
588, 741 
874, 757 

1,448,147 
821, 415 
710, 736 
528, 067 
378, 272 
249,299 
205, 514 


Pounds. 

131, 949 

172, 335 

269, 235 

597,794 

2,850,662 

3, 910, 881 

3,440,549 

3,227,488 

2,629,450 

1,860,084 

848, 190 

448,689 


Total.. 


851, 269, m 


5, 597, 308 


281, 836, 01. 


6, 189, 192 

1 


6,985,356 


20,387,306 


Month. 


Brick 

and 

Munster 

cheese. 


Lim- 
burger 
cheese. 


Cottage, 
pot, and 
baker's 
cheese. 


Cream 
and 

Neuf- 
chatel 
cheese. 


Italian 
varieties 

of 
cheese. 


AH 

other 

varieties 

of 
cheese. 


1919. 

Jan 

Feb 

Mar 

Apr 

May 

June 

July 

Aug 

Sept 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 


Pounds. 
2, 636, 940 
2, 408, 269 
2, 668, 920 
3, 146, 302 
4, 039, 841 
4, 334, 932 
2,872,007 

2, 552, 768 
2, 462, 945 

3, 794, 110 
3, 523, 507 
3, 080, 463 


Pounds. 
177, 294 
210,818 
237, 678 
502, 245 
1,220,499 
1,301,585 
886, 299 
874, 133 
748, 086 
703, 939 
473, 155 
289, 810 


Pounds. 
2, 109, 591 
2, 443, 069 

2, 707, 964 

3, 701, 192 
3,214,328 
2, 925, 902 
2, 344, 858 
2, 201, 372 
1, 895, 083 
2, 180, 766 

1, 855, 898 

2, 205, 306 


Pounds. 
450, 177 
413, 916 
474, 339 
430, 193 
440,168 
445,583 

506, 491 
402, Oil 
376, 972 
423, 218 

507, 611 
629, 960 


Pounds. 
317, 446 
298, 693 
335, 177 
358, 339 
457, 398 
451, 674 
334, 639 
312, 054 
279, 230 
329, 434 

256, 158 

257, 119 


Pounds. 
513, 326 
546,372 
769,412 
863,582 
892,360 
784,094 
661,120 
627,851 
703,497 

1,264,474 
985,499 

1,049,910 


Total. . 


37,521,004 


7,625,541 


29,785,329 


5, 500, 639 


3,987,361 


9,661,497 



Note.— This table is not quite complete, as a few reports were received 
after it was made. For final total butter figures see Table 40; for total 
cheese made see Table 51; and for condensed and evaporated milk see 
Table 61. 

The figures in Tables 35 and 36 are taken from the Market Reporter 
(published by the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates), Apr. 3, 1920. 
They include only such factories as reported for both 1918 and 1919, 
and represent about 93 per cent of the total number of factories. 

See Table 39 for total creamery butter; and Table 40 for total creamery 
and whey butter. 



22 



Table 36.— Production of CONDENSED and EVAPO- 
RATED MILK in the United States for the year 1919, 
by months. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 





Sweet- 


Unsweet- 
ened 


Sweet- 


Unsweet- 


Evapo- 


Steril- 




enod con- 


ened con- 


ened 


rated part 


ized 


M 


densed 


rated 

skimmed 

milk. 


densed 


evaporated 


or full 


whole 


ri 


skimmed 


whole 


whole 


skimmed 


milk 


1 


milk. 


milk. 


milk. 


milk.i 


canned. 


1919. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Jan. . 


3, 832, 759 


4, 875, 107 


25, 895, 736 


79, 439, 812 


3, 563, 179 


1,624,930 


Feb.. 


4,593,977 


3, 562, 550 


39, 800, 837 


86, 537, 731 


2, 704, 232 


451,308 


Mar.. 


6, 860, 862 


3, 986, 734 


55,610,443 


101,817,221 


3, 876, 562 


515, 862 


Apr.. 


8, 196, 677 


5, 479, 228 


68,104,344 


108,471,199 


5,026,025 


616,811 


May. 


11,028,637 


6,936,653 


70,403,079 


132, 668, 917 


5,983,285 


568, 767 


June. 


7,751,023 


9,138,584 


64,019,406 


153, 672, 555 


6, 795, 121 


/Not 
1 given. 


July. 


4,844,922 


8,875,537 


56,398,758 


124, 538, 296 


5,469,322 


' 46,277 


Aug.. 


4, 109, 201 


7, 170, 623 


46, 328, 941 


105,400,617 


5, 763, 975 


105, 743 


Sept . 


3, 963, 454 


5,453,851 


49,025,772 


92,619,308 


4, 973, 701 


90,443 


Oct.. 


3, 878, 855 


5, 250, 629 


50, 688, 945 


89,631,504 


7,114,632 


385, 706 


Nov . 


4,285,022 


4,371,289 


41,730,538 


77,490,891 


6,523,220 


3,859 


Dec. 


5,677,937 


3, 967, 673 


37, 154, 100 


81,914,071 


7,217,091 


5,112 


Total. 


69,023,326 


69,068,458 


605, 160, 899 


1,234,202,122 65,010,345 


i, 414, 818 



1 Modified with foreign fats. 

The figures in Tables 35 and 36 are taken from the IVIarket Reporter 
(pubhshed l>y the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates), Apr. 3, 1920. 
They include only such factories as reported for both 1918 and 1919, and 
represent about 93 per cent of the total number of factories. 

For total condensed and evaporated milk, see Table 61. 

Table 37.— PRODUCTION and EXPORTATION of 
RENOVATED BUTTER, by years. 

[Bureau of Internal Revenue and Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal 
Industry.] 



Year, 
ended 
June 
30- 


Fac- 
nes.i 


Produc- 
tion. 


Exports. 


Year 

ended 

June 

30. 


Fac- 
to- 
ries.! 


Produc- 
tion. 


Exports. 


1902.. 
1903.. 
1904- . 
1905.. 
1906- . 
1907. - 
1908.. 
1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 


55 
81 
77 
78 
64 
51 
49 
49 
42 
,45 


Pounds. 
No record. 
54, 658, 790 
54, 171, 183 
60, 029, 421 
53, 549, 900 
62, 965, 613 
50, 479, 489 
47,345,361 
47,433,575 
39,292,591 


Pounds. 

No record 
1, 312, 000 
3,118,018 
3, 864, 146 

11,005,537 
5,538,410 
1,271,610 
1, 115, 288 
41, 850 
118,890 


1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 
1915.. 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 
1919.. 
1920. . 
1921.. 


39 

It 
i 

22 
19 
15 
11 
11 


Pounds. 

46,387,398 
38, 354, 762 
32, 470, 030 
39, 056, 180 
34,514,527 
27, 507, 982 
19, 270, 933 
17,358,718 
9,735,214 
6,099,110 


Pounds. 

952, 516 

75,037 

674,780 

1,918,015 

133, 300 

635,038 

17,340 

41,200 

8,110 

4,055 



1 Total number of factories at end of fiscal year. 

Production is taken from reports of the Bureau of Internal Revenue; 
and exportsare takenfrom the reports of inspectors of the Dairy Division, 
Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture. 



23 



Table 38.— DAIRY PRODUCTS made during 1919 in 
FACTORIES in the United States, by States. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



State. 


Creamery 
butter.i 


Factory 
cheese. 2 


Condensed 
and evapo- 
rated milk.» 


Alabama . . 


Pounds. 

696,215 

1,000,118 

363, 384 

61, 795, 295 

13, 144, 464 

929, 551 

253,286 

5,375 

16, 755 

315,8^ 

4,514,2^ 

44, 621, 358 

44, 658, 534 

87,914,633 

35,642,291 

5,321,193 

46, 409 

1, 140, 850 

315, 305 

2,849,270 

45, 206, 770 

130, 785, 598 

2. 476, 787 

38, 411, 403 

5,389,032 

60,467,056 

1, 725, 494 

397, 198 

178, 796 

5,673 

13, 715, 704 

829,286 

14,696,566 

60,573,159 

10, 481, 270 

14,431,827 

12, 445, 578 

65, 392 

26, 580 

17,478,570 

3, 735, 157 

8,288,644 

3; 796, 394 

10,676,538 

1, 597, 340 

18, 486, 591 

328, 160 

85, 054, 334 

1, 139, 556 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
1,129,304 
16,363,677 


Arizona 


463, 717 


Arkansas . . 


California.. 


8,940,302 

507, 696 

111 

200,237 


78,636,340 

16,903,909 

26,559 


Colorado 


Coimecticut 


Delaware 


District of Columbia 




Florida 




76,138 


Georgia 




Idaho 


2,582,428 

6, 294, 871 

185, 230 

954, 425 

25, 498 


11,093,091 

188,950,296 

23,662,666 

6,653,397 

19,834,406 


Blinois 


Indiana 


Iowa 




Kentucky 


Louisiana 


1,100 




Maine 


6 894 304 


Maryland 


237,926 

106,675 

7, 690, 485 

9, 766, 750 


9,111,194 

2,215,243 

198,651,629 

2,360,121 


Massachusetts... 


Michigan 


Minnesota 


Mississippi 


Missouri. 


304, 983 
318,398 
39, 343 


39,831 


Montana 


Nebraska. . . 


3,071,270 


Nevada 


New Hampshire. 


258, 843 
856, 195 


76,332 
10,571,144 


New Jersey. . . ; 


New Mexico 


New York.. 


68,855,452 
228, 765 


443,540,879 


North Carolina 


North Dakota 




Ohio 


4,546,836 

7,550 

8, 465, 306 

6, 307, 821 

4,294 

348 

56,348 

51,033 

17,603 

914, 605 

3,581,569 

59, 991 

1,257,254 

55, 750 

263, 481, 352 

1,612,356 


123,442,732 


Oklahoma 


Oregon 


33,947,234 

181,897,826 

211 


Pennsylvania 


Rhode Island.. 


South Carolina 




South Dakota. 




Tennessee 


960 


Texas 


11,644 
20,479,439 
38,997,068 
5, 221, 714 
129,482,526 
400, 122 
457, 214, 442 


Utah 


Vermont 


Virginia 


Washington 


"West Virginia 


Wisconsin . . 


Wyoming 


Total. 


868,124,806 


399, 239, 446 


2,030,957,648 





1 See Tables 34, 35 and 40 for whey butter. 

* Cottage, pot, and baker's cheese are not included under cheese. 

3 Sterilized canned milk, condensed buttermilk, and milk modified 
with foreign fats are not included in this table. Production of sterilized 
canned milk for 1919 was 4,420,713 pounds. 

Note.— A few reports were made after this table was made; see Tables 
40, 51, and 61 for final totals. 



24 



Table 39.— DAIRY PRODUCTS made during 1920 in 
FACTORIES in the United States, by States. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



State. 


Creamery 
butter. 


Factory 1 
cheese. 


Condensed 
and evapo- 
rated milk.2 


Alabama 


Pounds. 
398,000 
345, 000 
828, 000 
61,870,000 
12,979,000 
877, 000 
350, 000 
503, 000 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
223, 000 


Arkansas 






Arizona 


227,000 

8,518,000 

531,000 


3,452,000 
83, 464, 000 
15,708,000 




Colorado 


Coimecticut 




147,000 




District of Columbia. 




Florida. 








* 7, 666 

4, 660, 000 

41,051,000 

39, 223, 000 

84, 290, 000 

32, 899, 000 

7, 875, 000 

55, 000 

727, 000 

440, 000 

3, 198, 000 

45, 404, 000 

120,297,000 

2,626,000 

35,228,000 

5,168,000 

56,661,000 

2,018,000 

300,000 

143,000 

6,000 

16,949,000 

832,000 

13,419,000 

65,594,000 

3,596,000 

14,288,000 

11, 422, 000 

58, 000 

16,000 

14,071,000 

5,903,000 

9,125,000 

3, 567, 000 

13,253,000 

2, 210, 000 

23, 751, 000 

367, 000 

97,355,000 

875,000 






Idaho 


1,727,000 

3,965,000 

187,000 

636, 000 

19,000 


15,412,000 
120,987,000 
24, 007, 000 


Illinois 




Iowa 


5,637,000 

19,004,000 

240, 000 


Kansas 




Louisiana. . 










1, 972, 000 
7, 022, 000 




107,000 

77,000 

6,567,000 

5, 841, 000 


Massachusetts 


2, 383, 000 




160,236,000 
1, 884, 000 


Miimesota 


Mississippi 




Missouri 


380,000 

295, QOO 

3,000 




Montana . . . 




Nebraska. 


182 000 






New Hampshire 


700,000- 
693,000 






4,819,000 


New Mexico 


New York. 


53, 216, 000 
109,000 


288,390,000 




North Dakota.. 




Ohio 


2,957,000 


113,231,000 


Oklahoma 


Oregon 


8,482,000 
6,245,000 


31,763,000 
140,002,000 


Pennsylvania 


Rhode Island 




South Carolina 






South Dakota 


9,000 

26,000 

3,000 

855,000 

1,850,000 

35,000 

1, 463, 000 

29,000 

255,286,000 

1,203,000 




Tennessee . 




Texas. . 


246, 000 
16,943,000 
26, 010, 000 


Utah 


Vermont . 


Virginia . . 


5,651,000 

83,690,000 

889,000 

410,195,000 


Washington 


West Virginia- . 


Wisconsin 


Wyoming 






Total. . 


863,577,000 


362,431,000 


1,583,638,000 





1 Cheese does not include either cottage, baker's, or pot cheese. 

2 Condensed and evaporated milk doss not include condensed butter- 
milk or milk modified with foreign fats; but does include sterilized canned 
milk. 



25 



Table 40.— Total PRODUCTION of farm and factory 
BUTTER in the United States, 

[Census Bureau and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates. f 
[c=census. m=markets.J 



Year. 


Creamery 

and whey 

butter. 


Farm-made 
butter. 


Total butter. 


1849 c 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
313,345,306 
459,681,372 
514,092,683 
777, 250, 287 
1,024,223,468 
1,071,745,127 


Pounds. 
313,345,306 
459,681,372 
514,092,683 
806,672,071 
1,205,508,384 
1,492,699,143 


1859 c 




1869 c. 




1S79 c 


29, 421, 784 
181, 284, 916 
420, 954, 016 
531, 478, 141 
627, 145, 865 
786,003,489 
760,030,573 
743, 895, 068 
822, 718, 916 

1 873, 907, 132 
938,505,382 

1866,662,978 


1889 c 


1899 c 


1904 c 


1909 c 


994, 650, 610 


1,621,796,475 


1914 c 


1916 m 






1917 m 






1918 m 






1919 m 






1919 c 


707, 666, 492 


1,646,171,874 


1920 m 









1 Whey butter included in Bureau of Markets reports for 1918, 1919, 
and 1920. Production of whey butter in 1918, 5,510,213; 1919, 5,597,308; 
1920, 3,085,978. 

Table 41.— Total number of CREAMERIES in the . 
United States. 



[Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry.] 





Number 




Number 




Number 


Year. 


of cream- 


Year. 


of cream- 


Year. 


of cream- 




eries. 




eries. 




eries. 


1908 


5,431 


1913 


4,859 


1918 


14,000 


1909 


5,123 


1914 


4,637 


1919 


14,000 


1910 


5,030 


1915 


4,518 


1920 


13,500 


1911 


4,838 


1916 


5,821 






1912 


4,751 


1917 


1 4, 000 







1 The Dairy Division record of the number of creameries was discon- 
tinued with the year 1916. The later figures are estimated by the Bureau 
of Markets. 

75578°— 22 4 



26 



Table 42.— Production of POWDERED MILK PROD- 
UCTS in the United States for the year 1919, by months. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



Month. 


Whole- 
milk 
powder. 


Skim- 

milk 

powder. 


Cream 
powder. 


Malted 
milk. 


1919. 


Pounds. 
277,426 
801, 865 
739, 185 
612,272 

1,093,084 
&32, 669 

1,036,194 
977,772 
868,465 
294,598 
522,974 
604,281 


Pounds. 

1,606,854 

1,807,397 

2,899,490 

3,711,441 

4,506,141 

4, 102, 868 

3,343,393 

3,199,303 

2,372,636 

2,230,808 

1,472,701 

1,823,099 


Pounds. 
49, 685 
43, 444 
69,338 
104, 876 
53, 424 
23, 704 
68, 458 
87,754 
38, 832 
19,301 
230 
33,024 


Pounds. 
1, 649, 002 


February - - - - 


1, 599, 413 


March..: 


1, 835, 124 


April 


1,676,726 


May.. . 


1, 423, 864 


June 


1,306,489 


July 


1, 178, 746 


August 


1,020,772 




1, 143, 352 


October. . . 


1, 504, 594 


November 


1, 596, 889 


December 


1, 560, 916 






Total 


8,660,785 


33,076,131 


592,070 


17,495,887 





Month. 



Buttermilk 
powder. 



Dried 

casein 

(lactarene).: 



Crude milk 

sugar 

(lactose). 



1919 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Jiuie 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Total 



Pounds. 
300, 734 
237, 685 
298, 481 
399, 891 

1,00/, 857 
786, 146 
601,178 
438, 554 
341, 810 
349, 694 
242, 819 
273, 978 



Pounds. 

519, 861 

718, 024 

1,117,961 

1,972,017 

1, 973, 198 

1,905,882 

1,580,416 

1, 104, 200 

860, 643 

822, 604 

638, 207 

711,823 



Pounds. 
194, 897 
204, 625 
440, 318 
592, 848 
719, 719 
799, 639 
752, 071 
656, 987 
508, 539 
502, 899 
442, 342 
406, 458 



5,278,827 



13, 924, 836 



6,221,342 



1 Dried casein includes both skim-milk and buttermilk casein, the 
slam-milk casein amounting to 13,202,685 pounds and the buttermilk 
casein to 722,151 pounds. 

These figures represent the production of practically all the factories. 



I 



27 



Table 43.— Quantities of MILK, BUTTER, and CHEESE 
produced on fapms during 1919 and number of DAIRY 
COWS and YIELD of milk per, cow. 

[Bureau of the Census.] 



State. 


Milk pro- 
duced on 
farms. 


Farm 
butter. 


Farm 
cheese. 






Gallons. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 




Lbs. 


Alabama 


93, 903, 677 


28, 490, 181 


5,210 


394, 112 


1,944 




14, 370, 833 
87, 623, 651 


593, 446 
25,571,098 


90, 119 


31 619 


3,724 
1,634 


Arkansas 


8, 603 


415, 507 


California 


276, 424, 216 


5, 757, 759 


2,345,672 


502, 415 


4,610 


Colorado 


79,492,631 


5,775,602 


157, 186 


192,234 


2,993 


Connecticut 


54, 894, 287 


1,926,127 


90, 500 


112,622 


4,128 


Delaware 


11,356,313 


894, 883 


3,170 


33,026 


2,924 


Dist. of Col 


512, 074 
12,155,533 


6,020 
1,162,383 




704 
71,641 


6,218 


Florida 


3,156 


1,307 




101,615,773 
52, 365, 498 


30, 257, 153 
4,540,364 
25,063,897 
18,344,239 
25,422,675 
17, 455, 879 
34,080,415 


1,365 


388,448 
115,336 
957,313 
608, 211 


2,124 




31, 684 


3,560 
3,044 
3,044 


Illinois . 


370,486,981 
238, 793, 861 
361,426,362 
221, 454, 417 


117, 830 

109,234 

53, 273 

19,657 

13,643 




Iowa 


897,668 
574,257 
441,346 


2,709 
3,311 
2,666 


Kansas 


Kentucky 


146,561,464 


Louisiana 


32,972,720 


4, 252, 318 


5,972 


176,936 


1,324 




77, 676, 381 


10, 855, 560 
6,162,501 


55, 161 


175, 425 
161, 972 


3,724 


Maryland 


58, 754, 193 


126, 190 


3,036 


Massachusetts.. 


76,316,309 


2, 019, 231 


60,796 


147,331 


4,352 


Michigan 


382,822,631 


25, 775, 423 


76,660 


802, 095 


3,965 


Minnesota 


475,506,689 


20,205,076 


71, 820 


1,229,179 


3,044 


Mississippi 


88,191,680 


20, 758, 736 


2,783 


427, 406 


1,591 


Missouri 


228,907,721 


29, 470, 763 


90,435 


661,959 


2,339 


Montana 


51,251,095 


5, 961, 336 


43, 223 


127,581 


2,864 


Nebraska 


168,083,367 


13, 761, 085 


23,117 


438, 459 


2,528 




6,312,105 
42, 556, 285 


266, 027 
3,240,368 


22, 927 
32, 469 


13,349 
95, 997 


3,854 
3, 689 


NewHamp 


New Jersey 


70, 490, 729 


1, 600, 789 


92,984 


130, 497 


3,027 


New Mexico 


12, 737, 649 


1, 404, 138 


87,087 


37,805 


2,210 


New York 


756,045,942 


24, 727, 662 


521, 445 


1,481,918 


4,317 


North Carolina. 


95, 747, 638 


25, 551, 506 


16, 168 


290, 223 


2,666 


North Dakota. - 


138, 606, 540 


14, 413, 180 


50,065 


370, 707 


2,657 


Ohio. . 


396, 317, 787 
135, 820, 769 


30, 264, 265 
22, 214, 546 


434, 042 
11,116 


888, 057 
456, 332 


3,603 
2,012 


Oklahoma 


Oregon . . . . 


92, 844, 946 
421, 631, 355 


4,177,628 
38, 468, 607 


43, 898 
532,238 


180, 462 
885, 855 


4 136 


Pennsylvania... 


3' 990 


Rhode Island... 


12,099,111 


174, 902 


10, 410 


21, 431 


4,730 


South Carolina. 


52,954,637 


13, 846, 353 


171 


187, 846 


2,348 


South Dakota.. 


124, 427, 638 


10,267,171 


10,591 


336,892 


2,339 


Tennessee 


130,285,934 


37,166,063 


114,386 


415, 128 


2,494 


Texas 


202, 974, 353 


49, 405, 152 
2, 876, 675 


107, 683 


833, 586 
66, 724 


1,840 


Utah 


29,339,512 
122,095,734 


73,606 
75,502 


3,466 
3,560 


Vermont 


3, 877, 039 


290, 122 


Virginia 


110,942,113 


25, 476, 621 


39, 765 


357,969 


2,511 


Washington 


140, 524, 518 


5,899,678 


84, 868 


238, 270 


4,911 


West Virginia.. 


73, 690, 103 


17, 715, 107 


88,562 


181,206 


2,984 


Wisconsin 


858, 258, 521 


8, 666, 037 


308, 117 


1, 795, 122 


4,016 


Wyoming 


14, 613, 581 


1,422,822 


6,837 


34,997 


2,692 


Total 


7,805,238,069 


707,666,492 


6,371,396 


19,675,297 


3,412 



^8 



Table 44.— CREAMERY BUTTER in STORAGE on the 
first of each month. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates. Thousand pounds— 000 
omitted.] 



Month. 



1915 



1916 



1917 



1918 



1919 



1920 



1921 



Jan.. 
Feb. 
Mar.. 
Apr.. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct.. 
Nov.. 
Dec.. 



Pounds 



,578 
101,662 
99,450 
92, 719 
71,849 



Pounds 

48, 977 

31, 139 

15, 033 

3,346 

1,082 

7,017 

53, 863 

102, 537 

105, 836 

100, 522 

85, 260 

67,292 



Pounds 

46, 134 

30, 474 

16, 952 

6, 805 

3,607 

9,953 

49, 982 

88, 992 

108, 179 

109, 154 

100, 115 

79,928 



Pounds 
50, 726 
26, 618 
18, 808 
14, 629 
9,536 
12,698 
49, 140 
88, 305 
99, 334 
87, 883 
80, 874 
65, 111 



Pounds. 
43, 910 

36, 777 

24, 191 

11, 909 

9,659 

29, 435 

90, 158 

123, 546 

131, 388 

121, 816 

100, 474 

73, 654 



Pounds 
53, 737 

38, 359 

22, 568 

12, 555 

7,554 

12, 872 

52, 526 

101,455 

115, 558 

113, 385 

101,778 

79, 750 



Pounds. 

68,682 
41,486 
27, 103 
14, 732 
7,712 
21, 682 
62, 168 
82, 838 
92, 396 
90.123 
77,893 
65, 138 



Note.— Cold storage in connection with butter in this table means 
the holding of butter at a temperature of 45° F. or less for a period of at 
least 30 days. 

Table 45.— RECEIPTS of BUTTER on New York, Chi- 
cago, and San Francisco markets. 

[Trade journals and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.2J 



Year. 


New York. 


Chicago. 


San Fran- 
cisco. 


1865 


Pounds A 
36, 428, 160 
33, 178, 380 
89, 640, 900 
110, 622., 120 
119,932,440 
144, 582' 960 
131, 477, 880 
139, 469, 294 
141,176,002 
146, 874, 184 
154, 176, 822 
165, 044, 980 
176, 939, 340 
155, 760, 540 
168, 276, 000 
226, 698, 000 
164, 608, 000 
212,948,000 


_ Pounds.^ 


Pounds. 


1870 






1880. 




8,844,900 


1890 




1900 


86,677,560 
105, 179, 640 
184, 880, 160 
189, 289, 320 
154,075,560 
145, 348, 080 
152,353,920 
ISO, 303, 840 
169, 643, 400 
169,078,140 
143, 982, 120 
185, 779, 000 
176, 746, 000 
193,591,000 


15, 234, 145 
17, 938, 782 
13, 934, 200 
19, 033, 600 
23,548,850 
23,905,100 
22, 580, 950 
28, 396, 200 
27,694,300 
24, 915, 500 
22,946,900 
22 031 000 


1905 


1910 


1911... . . .. 


1912 .. 


1913 


1914 


1915.. . 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 . 


1920 


23,'566;000 
25,566,000 


1921 





1 Estimated at 60 pounds per tub. 



Bureau reports began in 1919. 



.29 

Table 46.— IMPORTS and EXPORTS of BUTTER. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports; (YB.)] 



Year ended June 30— 


General imports.i 


Domestic exports.i 


1851 


Pounds. 

479, 180 

3, 278, 967 

4,089,038 

487, 120 

75, 521 

49, 791 

1,360,245 

1,007,826 

1,025,668 

1, 162, 253 

7, 842, 022 

3, 828, 227 

712, 998 

523, 573 

1, 805, 925 

4, 131, 469 

20, 770, 959 

37,454,172 

18,558,388 


Value. 

$37, 536 

506, 185 

832, 829 

95, 122 

13,679 

9,769 

298,023 

247, 961 

237, 154 

304, 090 

1, 753, 461 

977, 262 

212,370 

192, 767 

619, 303 

1, 869, 132 

10, 916, 770 

IS, 646, 456 

7,392,247 


Pounds. 

3,994,542 

7, 640, 914 

2,019,288 

39, 236, 658 

29, 748, 042 

18,266,371 

3, 140, 545 

4, 877, 797 

6,092,235 

3, 585, 600 

3, 693, 597 

9, 850, 704 

13, 487, 481 

26,835,092 

17,735,966 

33, 739, 960 

27, 155, 834 

17,487,735 

8,014,737 


Value. 
$516, 812 
1,144,321 
592, 229 


1860 


1870 


1880 


6, 690, 687 


1890 


4,187,489 
3, 143, 509 


1900 


1910 


78.5, 771 


1911 


1,059,432 


1912 


1, 468, 432 


1913 . . 


872,804 
877, 453 


1914 


1915 


2, 392, 480 


1916 


3,590,105 
8, 749, 170 

6, 852, 727 


1917 

1918 


1919 


15, 843, 522 
15, 491, 682 


1920 


1920 2 


10,142,403 


1921 "' . 


3,269,609 





1 See explanatory notes at beginning of bulletin. 

2 Year ended Dec. 31. The Commerce and Navigation Reports are 
now made by years ending Dec. 31 



Table 47.— Average weekly QUOTATIONS for highest 
grade of BUTTER on the San Francisco market. 

[Pacific Dairy Review and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.^] 





Averge 




Average 




Average 


Year. 


price per 


Year. 


price per 


Year. 


price per 




pound. 




pound. 




pound. 




Cents. 




Cents. 




Cents. 


1899 


22.9 


1907 


30.5 


1915 


26.3 


1900 


23.0 


1908 


27.4 


1916 


28.9 


1901 


21.2 


1909 


30.6 


1917....... 


39.9 


1902 


25.5 


1910 


31.4 


1918 


52.2 


1903 


27.9 


1911 


27.1 


1919 


57 


1904 


23.5 


1912 


31.2 


1920 


60.2 


1905 


24.7 


1913 


31.7 


1921 


36.3 


1906 


25.8 


1914 


27.0 







1 Prices by Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates began in 1919. 



30 



Table 48.— Average monthly PRICE of CREAMERY 
BUTTER, extras or equivalent grade, on New York 
market. 

[New York Produce Reviewand Bureau of Marketsand Crop Estimates.] 



Month. 


1900 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 


1906 




Cents. 
26.8 
24.9 
24.9 
16.3 
20.1 
19.4 
19.5 
20.8 
21.5 
21.8 
24.9 
25.3 


Cents. 
22.8 
22.5 
22.1 
21.0 
19.0 
19.3 
19.7 
20.3 
20.9 
20.0 
24.1 
25.0 


Cents. 
24.1 
28.3 
28.2 
28.8 
22.7 
22.0 
21.3 
19.9 
21.6 
24.0 
26.6 
29.1 


Cents. 
27.3 
26.6 
28.4 
26.6 
22.0 
21.7 
20.1 
19.3 
20.6 
21.3 
23.1 
24.2 


Cents. 
22.7 
25.1 
24.5 
22.8 
20.1 
18.0 
17.6 
17.9 
19.4 
20.9 
24.8 
26.8 


Cents. 
29.1 
32.1 
28.0 
30.0 
23.7 
20.4 
20.5 
21.1 
20.6 
21.8 
23.6 
24.3 


Cents. 
26.5 


February 


27.1 




27.0 


April 


21.8 


May 


20.1 




20.2 


July 


20.6 


August 


22.5 




24.6 


October 


26.1 


November.. 


27.6 




31.6 






Average 


22.2 


21.4 


24.7 


23.4 


21.7 


24.6 


24.6 


Month. 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


1911 


1912 


1913 


January 


Cents. 
30.8 
32.5 
30.6 
30.6 
25.0 
23.6 
24,8 

125.5 
28.3 
29.2 
27.7 
29.8 


Cents. 
31.5 
32.8 
29.3 
29.0 
24.2 
23.8 
22.9 
23.3 
24.5 
27.4 
30.3 
32.0 


Cents. 
32.2 
31.0 
30.0 
27.9 
27.0 
26.3 
26.7 
27.7 
31.0 
31.6 
31.9 
36.0 


Cents. 
34.4 
30.6 
33.5 
32.0 
29.0 
28.5 
29.1 
30.3 
31.2 
31.4 
32.5 
30.9 


Cents. 
28.0 
28.0 
25.5 
22.1 
22.8 
23.8 
25.9 
27.3 
27.6 
31.4 
34.8 
37.8 


Cents. 
39.1 
31.7 
31.1 
32.8 

2 30.4 
27.3 
27.1 
26.6 
29.7 
31.2 
34.4 
37.2 


Cents. 
35.1 


February 


36.3 


March 


36.7 


April 


34.5 


May 


28.6 




27.8 


July 


27.0 


August 


27.9 




31.5 


October 


31.4 


November 


33.8 




36.1 






Average 


28.1 


27.6 


29.9 


31.1 


27.9 


31.6 


32.2 



Month. 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


n918 


1919 


1920 


1921 




Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


January..... 


32.6 


33.5 


32.6 


40.1 


52 


62 


65 


52.5 


February 


29.3 


32.3 


33.8 


43.5 


50 


52 


66 


47.2 


March...- ... 


27.7 


29.7 


36.9 


41.6 


44 


62 


67 


48.1 


April 

May 


25.4 


30.7 


36.0 


44.2 


42 


64 


71 


45.5 


26.1 
27.2 


28.8 
28.2 


31.0 

29.8 


40.2 
39.1 


42 
44 


58 
52 


61 
57 


31.8 


June 


32.7 


July 


27.9 
30.4 


27.0 
25.9 


28.9 
31.2 


39.0 
41.3 


45 
46 


53 
55 


57 
55 


40.4 


August 


42.7 


September. . . 


31.4 


26.6 


33.9 


44.3 


56 


59 


59 


43.1 


October 


31.6 


28.6 


35.4 


44.6 


59 


68 


60 


47.0 


November. . . 


34.7 


31.1 


39.4 


45.5 


63 


71 


63 


44.9 


December . . . 


33.9 


35.1 


39.8 


49.4 


69 


72 


oo 


43.8 


Average. . 


29.8 


29.8 


34.9 


42.7 


51 


61 


61 


43.3 



1 Aug. 5, 1907, "extras" changed to "specials." 

s "Extras" and "firsts" took place of "specials" May 13, 1912. 

8 Prices by Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates began in 1918. 



31 



Table 49.— AVERAGE PRICE of BUTTER on New 
York market — grade of extras. 

[New York Produce Review and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 





Average price. 


Year. 


Average price. 


Year. 


Average price. 


Year. 


Mar- 
ket 

Ta-- 
tion. 


Price in 

gold 
during 
period 
of cur- 
rency 
infla- 
tion. 


Mar- 
ket 
quo- 
ta- 
tion. 


Price in 

gold 
during 
period 
of cur- 
rency 
infla- 
tion. 


* 

Mar- 
ket 
quo- 
ta- 
tion. 


Price in 

gold 
during 
period 
of cur- 
rency 
infla- 
tion. 


1866.. 


Cents. 

51.1 

41.6 

49.9 

47.3 

40.3 

35.5 

34.7 

39.4 

41.8 

34.8 

34.5 

30.6 

28.3 

25.5 

30.5 

32.0 

35.5 

31.0 

30.1 


Cents. 
36.3 
30.1 
35.7 
35.5 
35.0 
31.8 
30.9 
34.5 
37.6 
30.3 
31.0 
29.2 
28.1 


1885.. 
1886., 
1887.. 
1888.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1892.. 
1893.. 
1894.. 
1895.. 
1896.. 
1897.. 
1898.. 
1899.. 
1900.. 
1901.. 
1902.. 
1903.. 


Cents. 
26.8 
27.4 
26.9 
27.3 
24.3 
23.6 
26.2 
26.4 
27.2 
22.3 
21.3 
18.4 
19.1 
19.5 
21.2 
22.2 
21.4 
24.7 
23.4 




1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908.. 
1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914. . 
1915.. 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 
1919.. 
1920. . 
1921.. 


Cents. 
21.7 
24.6 
24.6 
28.1 
27.6 
29.9 
31.1 
27.4 
31.6 
32.2 
29.8 
29.8 
34.9 
42.7 

151.0 
61.0 
61.0 
43.3 


Cents. 


1867 






1868 




1869.. 






1870 . 






1871 






1872.. 






1873 . 






1874 






1875 






1876.'. 






1877 






1878.. 






1879 






1880 








1881 








1882.. 








1883.. 








1884 

















1 Prices by Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates began in 1918. 

Table 50.— CHEESE production in the United States 
by kinds. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



Kinds of 
cheese made. 



J^eddar: 
— Vholemilk. 
art skim . . 
''Still skim . . 

Swiss 

Limburger 

All Italian 

Brick and 

Miinster 

Cream and 

Neufchatel . 
All others 



1916 



Pounds. 
227,032,328 

7,856,189 

4, 726, 450 
15,317,466 

9, 623, 315 
Not given. 

41,552,388 

Not given. 
8.608,603 



1917 



1918 



Pounds. Pounds 
274,945,880 247,276,503 



8,058,216 
5, 149, 557 

15,435,097 
9,798,247 

Not given. 

45,922,624 

Not given. 
13,232,582 



9, 102, 159 
6, 610, 993 
18,586,505 
8,808,140 
2,042,234 

43,332,215 

5,774,630 
11,088,236 



1919 



Pounds. 
281,836,015 
6, 189, 192 
6,985,356 
21,601,782 
7,625,541 
3,987,361 

37,521,004 

5,500,639 
9,661,497 



1920 



Pounds. 
242,195,707 
4,346,400 
6,365,267 
20,430,000 
7,170,388 
4,677,525 

40,687,832 

6,858,952 
12.087.125 



The Italian, Cream, and Neufchatel cheeses are included in 
others" for the years 1916 and 1917. 



'All 



32 



Table 51.— Total PRODUCTION of farm and factory 
CHEESE in the United States. 

[Census Bureau and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates— 
c=census. m=markets.] 



Year. 


Factory 
cheese. 


Farm 
cheese. 


Total 
cheese. 


1849c .. . . 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
105,535,893 
103,663,927 
53,492,153 
27,272,489 
18,726,818 
16,372,330 


Pounds. 
105 535 893 


1859c 




103,663^927 
162,927,382 
243 157 850 


1869c 


109,435,229 
215,885,361 
238,035,065 
282,634,488 
317,144,872 
311,175,730 
377,513,409 
314,716,739 
372,540.203 
352,621,615 
379,319,548 
475,330,820 
362,431,000 


1879 c 


1889c 


256,761,883 
299,006,818 


1899c 


1904 c 


1909 c 


9,405,864 


320,581,594 


1914c 


1916 m 






1917 m 






1918m 






1919 m 






1919 c 


6,600,000 


481,930,820 


1920m 











There are no records of farm-made cheese except for census years. 
For production of cheese by States see Tables 38, 39, and 43. 
Cottage cheese is included in census figures but not in markets figures. 



Table 52.— DOMESTIC SWISS CHEESE production 
for 1919 and 1920, by States. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



State. 


Num- 
ber of 
facto- 
ries.! 


Production. 


1919 


1920 


Wisconsin 


232 
56 
11 
23 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 


Pounds. 

14.328,204 

3,030,357 

1,528,704 

947,526 

938, 694 

813, 041 

12,336 

1,610 

1,300 

10 


Pounds. 
14,396,000 


Ohio 


2,208,00"^ 


New York . 


l,634,''^-f 


lUinois 


590 *«• 1 


California 


68'/f?-t 


Pennsylvania 


Sf ^^1-? 


Indiana 




Oregon 


3/, 000 














Total 


353 


21,601,782 


20,430,000 







1 These are all the factories producing domestic Swiss cheese 



33 



Table 53.— Amount and value of CHEESE IMPORTED 
into the United States from France, Greece, Italy, and 
Switzerland. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports.] 



I Year ended 


France. 


Greece. 


June 30— 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


1910 


3, 673, 117 
3, 756, 155 
3, 882, 891 
3, 982, 513 
5, 418, 904 
3, 554, 297 
2, 321, 543 
1, 937, 341 
1,026,117 
404, 722 
810, 948 
2,417,036 


$704, 685 
728, 126 
942, 683 
785, 965 
1, 032, 817 
737, 212 
784, 323 
754, 012 
528, 926 
349, 331 
396, 977 
926, 343 


1,777,819 
2, 598, 474 
2, 703, 745 

2, 089, 079 

3, 212, 908 
3, 003, 349 
1, 132, 200 

83,632 
None. 
None. 
7,366 
84, 716 


$230,031 
343, 678 
409, 990 
321 182 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1914 


447 124 


1915 


402' 952 

169, 536 

18,089 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 




1920 


2,801 
34,028 


1921 




Total 


33, 185, 584 


8, 671, 400 


16, 693, 288 


2, 379, 411 



Year ended 


Italy. 


Switzerland. 


June 30— 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


1910 


17, 122, 124 
18, 647, 412 
20,625,202 
21, 326, 445 
26, 453, 626 
25, 662, 362 
16, 084, 058 
8, 482, 280 
16, 044 
57 
1, 095, 740 
1, 185, 912 


$3,175,640 

3, 381, 546 

3, 948, 550 

4, 217, 674 

5, 024, 270 

5, 108, 850 

3, 855, 856 

2, 545, 286 

7,883 

23 

274, 970 

396, 484 


14, 105, 458 
15, 507, 767 
15, 147, 393 
17,371,616 
22, 489, 706 
14, 766, 6S2 
9, 514, 008 
1, 640, 656 


$2, 372, 134 
2, 758, 854 
2,857 631 


1911 


1912 


1913 


3, 183, 350 
3,617,657 
2,677,249 
2, 031, 590 
341,063 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 






1920 


607, 476 
1, 068, 100 


304, 239 
399, 329 


1921 




Total 


156, 701, 262 


35, 792, 882 


112, 218, 862 


20,443,096 



Table 54.— IMPORTS and EXPORTS of CHEESE. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports; (YB.).] 



Year 






Year 






ended 


Imports. 


Exports. 


ended 


Imports. 


Exports. 


JimeSO^ 






June 30— 








Pounds. 


Pounds. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1851 


603,398 


10, 361, 189 


1913 


49, 387, 994 


2, 599, 058 


1860 


1, 401, 161 


15, 515, 799 


19142.... 


63, 784, 313 


2,427,577 


1870 


2, 289, 257 


57, 296, 327 


1915 


50, 138, 520 


55, 362, 917 


1880 


2, 737, 186 


127, 553, 907 


1916 


30, 087, 999 


44, 394, 301 


18811 


2,655,370 


147, 995, 614 


1917 


14, 481, 514 


66,050,013 


1890 


9, 263, 573 


95, 376, 053 


1918 


9, 839, 305 


44, 330, 978 


1900 


13,455,990 


48, 419, 353 


1919 


2, 442, 306 


18, 794, 853 


1910 


40, 817, 524 


2, 846, 709 


1920 


17,913,682 


19, 378, 158 


1911 


45, 568, 797 


10, 366, 605 


1920 3.... 


15, 993, 725 


16, 291, 319 


1912 


46, 542, 007 


6,337,559 









1 Largest exports. 
75578°— 22 5 



a Largest imports. 



Year ended Dec. 31. 



34 



Table 55. — Highest average daily quotations on AMER- 
ICAN CHEDDAR CHEESE in New York State and 
New York City. 

[Producers' Price Current, and New York Produce Review. Bureau of 
Markets and Crop Estimates.] 





Price 




Price 




Price 


Year. 


per 


Year. 


per 


Year. 


per 




pound. 




pound. 




pound. 




Cents. 




Cents. 




Cents. 


1851 


5.7 


1910 


16.4 


1916 


19.0 


1860 


11.0 


1911 


14.1 


1917 


24.4 


1870 


119.2 


1912 


16.4 


1918 


27.2 


1880 


13.7 


1913 


15.4 


1919 


32.2 


1890 


9.5 


1914 


15.6 


1920 


29.0 


1900 


11.2 


1915 


15.5 







1 Price in gold 16.7 cents. 

The quotations for 1851 and 1860 are from market centers outside of 
New York City. From 1870 on they are from New York City. For 1919 
and 1920 from Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates. 

Table 56. — Highest average weekly quotations on DO- 
MESTIC SWISS CHEESE (round) on the Chicago 

market. 

[Butter, Cheese and Egg Journal.] 





Price 1 




Price 




Price 


Year. 


per 


Year. 


per 


Year. 


per 




pound. 




pound. 




pound. 




Cents. 




Cents. 




Cents. 


1900 


12.79 


1907 


15. 35 


1914 


16.79 


1901 


13.19 


1908 


12.09 


1915 


18.57 


1902 


13.06 


1909 


15.48 


1916 


29.07 


1903 


12.70 


1910 


18.87 


1917 


36.23 


1904 


11.76 


1911 


15.04 


1918 


43.60 


1905 


11.72 


1912 


18.66 


1919 


53.32 


1906 


12.64 


1913 


18.51 


1920 


48.55 



Table 57.— PRODUCTION and EXPORTATION 
OLEOMARGARIN for the United States. 



of 





[Bureau of Internal Revenue.] 




Year 
ended 
Jan. 30. 


Production. 


Exporta- 
tion. 


Year 
ended 
Jan. 30. 


Production. 


Exporta- 
tion. 


1887 

1890 

1900 

1905 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


Pounds. 

21, 513, 537 

32,324,032 
107, 045, 028 

51, 987, 336 
141, 862, 280 
121, 162, 795 
128,601,053 
145,227,862 


Pounds. 

834, 574 
2, 535, 926 
4, 256, 067 
2, 543, 433 
2, 864, 770 
3, 146, 094 
3, 150, 282 
2, 477, 659 


1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

19'9 

1920 

1921 


Pounds. 
144, 021, 276 
145, 810, 048 
152, 509, 913 
233,170,111 
326, 528, 839 
359, 216, 571 
491, 279, 512 
281,081,514 


Pounds. 
2, 143, 702 
3,112,528 
2, 587, 689 
2, 894, 266 
2, 485, 779 
10, 227, 702 
10, 335, 445 
3,494,683 



The table includes colored and uncolored oleomargarin. No imports 
have been noted in reports. 

The Bureau of Internal Revenue is req,uired to keep an accurate account 
of production and exportation of oleomargarin; however, the exporta- 
tion figures are generally much lower than the figures reported by the 
Department of Commerce. 



35 



Table 58.— Quantity of CHEDDAR CHEESE in STOR- 
AGE warehouses on the first of each month. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates. Thousand pounds— 000 
omitted.] 



Month. 



Jan.. 
Feb. 
Mar.. 
Apr. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct.. 
Nov. 
Dec.. 



1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1»20 1921 



Pounds. 



28, 575 
24, 144 
32, 428 
31, 271 



Pounds. 
28, 558 
18, 908 
13, 373 
8,443 
6,546 
7,301 
16, 357 
31, 569 
46, 776 
49, 579 
45, 713 
37, 080 



Pounds. 
31, 855 
22, 113 
15, 560 
9,842 
7,928 
11, 626 
34, 159 
67, 595 
91, 545 
90, 671 
78, 087 
75. 166 



Pounds. 
66, 784 
56, 298 
37, 743 
27, 965 
17, 736 
20, 395 
30, 054 
48, 804 
55, 742 
42,065 
33, 402 
25, 625 



Pounds. 

19, 823 

15, 486 

9,837 

6,750 

6,027 

12, 478 

37, 501 

62, 645 

76, 661 

81, 359 

72, 889 

62, 508 



Pounds. 
53, 168 
43, 631 
34, 039 
23, 431 
16, 963 
13, 502 
29, 654 
51, 512 
60, 372 
55, 007 
48, 456 
39, 921 



Pounds. 
34, 115 
25,000 
17, 477 
14, 294 
13, 466 
17, 814 
34, 714 
40, 642 
46,706 
44, 842 
42,969 
34,062 



Note.— Cold storage in connection with cheese in this table means 
the holding of cheese at a temperature of 45° F. or less for a period of at 
least 30 days. 

Reports began in September, 1915. 



Table 59. 



-PRODUCTION and EXPORTATION of 
FILLED CHEESE. 



[Bureau of Internal Revenue.] 



Year 

ended 

June 30— 


Produc- 
tion. 


Exporta- 
tion. 


Year 

ended 

Jime30— 


Produc- 
tion. 


Exporta- 
tion. 


1897..... 


Pounds. 
1,663,067 
1, 482, 861 
1,688,650 
1,574,979 
1, 305, 459 


Pounds. 
187, 113 
18, 868 
1,688,650 
1, 526, 587 
1,253,268 


1905 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1898 


1906 






1899 

1900 

1901 

19021 


1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 


281, 429 
127, 152 
137, 422 
234, 158 


281,429 
127, 152 
137,422 
234, 158 


1903 


571, 183 
324, 323 


571, 183 
324,323 


1904 


19122.... 


33, 031 


33,031 



1 No production reported. 

2 None reported after 1912. 

A law placing a tax of 1 cent per pound on filled cheese became effect- 
ive July 1, 1896; however, this kind of cheese had been made for a num- 
ber of years before that. 



36 



Table 60.— Average of highest daily QUOTATIONS on 
RENOVATED BUTTER on the New York market. 

[New York Produce Review.] 



Year. 


Price. 


Year. 


Price. 


Year. 


Price. 




Cents. 




Cents. 




Cents. 


1907 


23.65 


1912 


26.84 


1917 


38.19 


1908 


23.09 


1913 


24.49 


1918 


43.60 


1909 


25.21 


1914 


21.14 


1919 


52.08 


1910 


26.61 


1915 


24.39 


1920 


51.54 


1911 


21.66 


1916 


29.36 







Table 61.— PRODUCTION of CONDENSED and 
EVAPORATED MILK, by years. 

Census Bureau and Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates — c==census 
m= markets.] 



Year. 


Num- 
ber of 
fac- 
tories. 


Production, 


Year. 


Nimi- 
ber of 
fac- 
tories. 


Production. 


1869c 


4 


Pounds. 


1916m 

1917m 

1918m 

1919m 

1919c 


586 
596 
491 
630 


Pounds. 
997,835,115 


1879c 


13,033,267 
37, 926, 821 
186.921,787 
308; 485. 182 
495, 197; 844 
875, 507, 438 


1,353,605,594 


1889c 




1,675,477,360 


1899c 

1904c 


50 

81 

136 

250 


12,046,879,968 
2, 096, 973, 252 


1909c 


1920m 




1,578,015,000 


1914c 







1 The amoimts reported for 1919 and 1920, by the Bureau of Markets 
and Crop Estimates, include sterilized milk canned. 



Table 62.— IMPORTS and EXPORTS of CONDENSED 
and EVAPORATED MILK. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports (YB) ] 



Year 






Year 






ended 


Imports. 


Exports. 


ended 


Imports. 


Exports. 


JuneSO- 






Jime 30— 








Pounds. 


Pounds. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1892.... 


1, 062, 250 


{') 


1915.... 


33, 624, 189 


37, 235, 627 


1900.... 


472, 958 


(0 


1916.... 


18, 174, 505 


159, 577, 620 


1910.... 


598, 134 


13,311,318 


1917..-. 


18, 375, 698 


259, 102, 213 


1911 


630, 308 


12, 180, 445 


1918.... 


29, 926, 931 


529, 750, 032 


1912.... 


698, 176 


20, 642, 738 


1919.... 


20, 183, 723 


728, 740, 509 


1913.... 


1, 778, 043 


16,525,918 


1920.... 


19, 080, 642 


708, 463, 187 


1914.... 


14,599,339 


16, 209, 082 


1920 2... 


23,755,780 


411,077,982 



Not reported. 



a Year ended December 31. 



37 



Table 63.— Production of CONDENSED or EVAPO- 
RATED BUTTERMILK, by months, for 1918 and 1919. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop*Estimates.] 



Month. 



1918 



Facto- 
ries 
report- 
ing 
month- 
ly pro- 
duc- 
tion. 



Quantity 
made. 



1919 



Facto- 
ries 
report- 
ing 
month- 
ly pro- 
duc- 
tion. 



Quantity 
made. 



January — 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November . 
December.. 



Pounds. 
195, 356 
62, 777 
101, 436 
241, 726 
186, 146 
541, 141 
562, 814 
778, 009 
1,201,400 
1, 178, 646 
966, 296 
518. 276 



Pnuvds. 

647,078 

504,308 

524,977 

742, 128 

3,348,762 

3,755,273 

3, 660, 376 

3,031,189 

2,424,572 

1,401,863 

1, 179, 880 

1,315,174 



Total. 



G, 534, 023 



22, 535. 580 



Total number of factories in 1918 was 31; total product, 12,040,642 pounds. 
Total number of factories in 1919 was 25; total product, 24,282,25 
pounds. 
Total number of factories in 1920 was 5: total product, 32,539,000 pounds. 

Table 64. — Production and importation of CASEIN 
(lactarene). 

[Production from Census Bureau and Bureau of Markets and Crop 
Estimates; imports from Commerce and Navigation Reports— c= 
■census; m= markets.] 



' Year. 


Production. 


Imports.i 


Value of 
imports. 


Import 
price per 
pound. 


L899C 


Pounds. 
12,298,405 
11,581,874 


Pounds. 




Cents. 


l904c 








l906 




$61,004 

92,622 

13,471 

184,815 

304,001 

1,109,466 

830,845 

649,371 

705,264 

498,897 

984,899 

1,843,492 

1,765,653 

959,995 




4907 




1,557,904 
263,471 

2,447,332 

3,769,476 
13,011,018 

9,138,338 

8,805,891 
10.798,614 

7,919,992 
10,376,641 
12,319,111 
12,106,855 

8, 125, 175 


4.4 


1908 




5.0 


1909 




7.6 


1909c 


13,018,298 


8.1 


1911 


8.5 


1912 




9.1 


1913 




7.4 


1914c 


18,570,220 


6.5 


1915 


6.3 


1916m 


8,421,973 
8,342,350 
8,675,504 
13,924,836 


9.4 


1917m 


14.9 


1918m 


14.5 


1919m . . 


11.8 


1919c 




1920m 


11,526,000 


24,039,313 


2,783,548 


11.5 







Fiscal year, June 30. 



38 



Table 65.— PRODUCTION of MILK POWDER, by 

years. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates and Census Bureau.] 



Year. 


Whole-milk 
powder. 


Skim-milk 
powder. 


Total. 


1914 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
20,987,911 
18, 586, 613 
25 763 166 


1916 


2, 123, 251 
3, 138, 809 
4, 1.54, 334 
8,660,785 


16, 463, 362 
22,624,357 
25, 432, 341 
33, 076, 131 


1917 


1918 


30^250^701 
42,328,086 
106,711,288 
52,227,000 


1919 


19191 


1920 


10,334,000 


41, 893, 000 





J From the census reports, all kinds 

Table 66.— Production of BUTTERMILK POWDER 
and MALTED MILK, by years. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



Year. 


Buttermilk 
powder. 


Malted 
milk. 


1916 


Pounds. 
342, 485 
2, 557, 228 
4,341,157 
5,278,827 
5,585,906 


Pounds. 
11, 654, 384 
13,851,939 
15 622 876 


1917 


1918 • 


1919. 


17,435,887 
19,715,000 


1920 





Table 67. — Production and importation of MILK SUGAR 
(lactose). 

[Production from Census Bureau and Bureau of Markets and Crop 
Estimates, imports from Commerce and Navigation Reports — c= 
census; m=markets.] 



Year. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Imports. 2 


Year. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Imports.2 


1906 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
4,709 
4,960 
4,732 
2,697 
9,026 
578, 727 
250,212 


1916m 

1917m 

1918m 

1919m 

1919c 


Pounds. 
1,844,228 
2, 155, 076 
3, 219, 461 
6, 615, 874 


Pounds. 
22,400 


1910 




1911 






1912 






1913 






1914c 

1915 


4,051,320 


1920m 


5,583,000 


None. 









' Calendar year. 

2 Fiscal year ended June 30. 



39 



Table 



68.— Estimated quantity of ICE CREAM produced 
in the United States, by years. 



Year. 


Total pro- 
duction.! 


Total pro- 
duction.2 


Year. 


Total pro- 
duction.! 


Total pro- 
duction.2 


1909 


Gallons. 
80,000,000 
95,450,000 
138,000,000 
160,000,000 
172,380,000 
163,761,000 
175,224,270 


Gallons. 


1916 

1917.... 
1918.... 
1919.... 

1920 

1821.... 


Gallons. 
208,320,000 
219,385,000 
231,053,000 
248,381,975 
251,820,490 
216,569,212 


Gallons. 


1910 . 




210 000 000 


1911 




220^0001 000 
230,000,000 
260,000,000 


1912 




1913 




1914 




1915 













i 



1 From the International Confectioner. 

2 From Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, and Bureau of 
Markets and Crop Estimates. 

Table 69.— Production of ICE CREAM of all kinds, by 
months, for the year 1920, for 2,427 factories. 

[Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.] 



Month. 


Quantity 
made.! 


Month. 


Quantity 
made.! 


January . 


Gallons. 
4,455,588 
4,986,374 
7,323,202 
9,296,571 
15, 112, 932 
20,695,601 
23,479,313 


Autrust 


Gallons. 
20 765 524 




September 


15,222^342 
9,63.5,394 
5,279,143 
4, 681, 157 


March 


October 


April 


November 


May .....::::.:.:: 


December 




Total 




July 


140,933.141 



! The reported production of ice cream is considered to be about 50 
per cent of the total production. 



40 



;„ 5 55 55 ^ 5 55:^ 



^0 5 5 

S0> 0^ (A 



5$ '^ 

0^ ^ 



0\ s<>» Se* 































■ ."" 




■1.': ;. ;-l 




1 






^mmmmmm^. i i 




III 


















1^ 












41 



Table 70.— Balance of BUTTER, CHEESE, and CON- 
DENSJED MILK, taken separately. 

[From Department of Commerce reports.] 
[Expressed in terms of whole milk.] 



Year 

ended 

June 

30— 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed milk.i 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Im- 
ports. 


Exports. 


1913.. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
50,556,807 


Pounds. 

458,508,440 
620,698,920 


Pounds. 


Lbs. 


Pounds. 
36, 869, 685 


1914 


85,890,653 


"72" 657' 890 
129,737,640 
513,641,470 
344, 916, 730 
28,275,170 
2,975,940 




3,144,991 

9,305,595 

353, 510, 485 


1915 


129,251,262 
268, 428, 678 
552, 536, 964 
334, 530, 861 
525, 779, 457 


1916 . 






1917 






599, 364, 492 


1918 






1,249,557 753 


19192. 






2.089.180.437 


19202 


419,295,177 




. 1 968. 305. 505 













1 Condensed milk inchides condensed cream, condensed skim milk, 
and evaporated milk. The figures for 1920 are preliminary and subject 
to slight change. 

2 YearendQ^ Dec. 31. 

Table 71.— Total balance of BUTTER, CHEESE, and 
CONDENSED MttK, combined. 

[From Department of Commerce reports.] 
[In terms of whole milk.] 



Year ended June 30— 


Net imports. 


Net exports. 


1913 


Pounds. 
371,081,948 
703,444,633 


Pounds. 


1914 




1915 


211,214,747 


1916. 




751,878,803 


1917 




1,665,542,926 


1918. 




1,929,005,344 


1919, year ended Dec. 31 




2,643,235,064 


1920 year ended Dec 31 




551,986,268 









Explanation of Figure 1.^ 
This chart was plotted from the difference of imports 
and exports, and includes butter, cheese, and condensed 
milk. The chart expresses these differences in terms of 
milk, assuming that — 

1 pound of butter equals 21 pounds of milk. 

1 pound of cheese equals 10 pounds of milk. 

1 pound of condensed milk equals... 23^ pounds of milk. 

IF or detailed figures see Tables 70 and 71. 



42 



FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Table 72. — Pan American countries — IMPORTS and 

EXPORTS of BUTTER. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports. ] 



Country. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Argentina 


1919 
1913 
1919 
1913 
1915 
1916 
1915 
1917 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1911 
1915 


Pounds. 


Founds. 
39,609,970 


Bolivia. . . . 


114,690 

42,421 

495, 614 

314, 144 

36,909 

24,486 

1,701,254 

975 

16,883 

426, 200 

101,516 

667,149 

55, 756 

621,527 

9,996 

50,936 

56,264 

5,533 

13,44« 

568,762 


Brazil 




British Guiana 




Chile... 


2,844 


Colombia i 


Costa Rica.... 




Cuba . . . 




Ecuador i 




Guatemala i . . 




Haitii 




Honduras i 




Mexico 1 




Nicaragua i 




Panama i . . . 




Paraguay 




Perui... 




Santo Domingo i . . . 




Salvador i 




Uruguay 




Venezuela . . 


220 







1 United States trade only. 

Table 73.— Pan American countries— IMPORTS 
EXPORTS of CHEESE. 

[Commerce and Navigation Reports.] 



and 



Country. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Argentina 


1919 
1915 
1919 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
19,561,416 


BoliAda 


27, 291 
210,453 


Brazil 




British Guiana 




Chile .... 


1915 
1916 
1915 
1918 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1913 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1911 
1915 


419, 767 

15,748 

52, 672 

3,318,303 

1,016 

27,122 

52, 590 

60,394 

1,870,385 

168,389 

27, 460 

445,237 

47, 520 

5,754 

87,525 

5,256 

587,216 

102,051 


440 


Colombia i 




Costa Rica 




Cuba 


5,137 


Ecuador i 




Guatemala i 




Haitii 




Honduras ^. 




Mexico 




Mexico 1 




Nicaragua i 








Paraguay 




Peru 1 . 








Salvador i 




Uruguay 


(1914)28,250 


Venezuela 


4,010 







1 United States trade only. 



43 



Table 74. — Pan American countries — Imports of CON- 
' DENSED MILK. 



[Commerce and Navigation Reports. ] 



Country. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Country. 


Year., 


Imports. 


Argentina 

BoLi\'ia 

Brazil 

British Gui- 
ana 


1919 
1914 
1914 

1913 

1915 
1916 
1915 
1917 
1916 
1916 
1916 


Pounds. 


Honduras i . . . 

Mexico! 

Nicaragua i. . . 

Panama 1 

Paraguay 

Perui 

Santo Do- 
mingo 1 

Salvador i 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 


1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1916 

1916 
1916 
1911 
1915 


Pounds. 
186, 596 


882, 413 
7,461,967 


1,499,279 

106,756 

4,071,203 


Chile 


1,573,930 

111,841 

245, 579 

36,497,528 

27,493 

86, 534 

19, 726 


964. 139 


Colombia i 

Costa Rica — 
Cuba 


71,945 
6,720 


Ecuador 1 

Guatemala i . . 
Haiti! 


21,504 
23,911 



1 United States trade only, for fiscal year ended June 30. 

Table 75.— Argentina— Number of DAIRY COWS and 
TOTAL CATTLE. 

[Comision del Censo Agropecurio, Estadistica Agricola, and Argentine 
Yearbook, (YB.). c=census. e=6Stimates.] i 



Year. 


Dairy cows. 


Totalcattle. 


Year. 


Dairy cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


1888c 




21,963,930 
21,701,526 
29,116,625 
25,866,763 


19156.... 
19166.... 
1917e.... 
19186.... 


2,291,000 
2,319,000 
2,349,000 
2,378,000 


26,387,000 


1895c 

1908c 

1914c 


1,800,799 
2,163,900 
2,246,000 


26,717,000 
27,052.000 
27, 392; 000 



1 Estimates by Argentine Department of Agriculture. 

Table 76.— Argentina— Number of CATTLE, by classes. 

[Report of Third Census, 1914.] 



Kinds. 


Milk 
cows. 


Cows for 
breeding. 


Bulls. 


Calves 

and 

young 

stock. 


Steers 
and 
oxen. 


Total 
cattle. 


Purebred 

Mixed breed . . . 
Criollos(native) 


29,287 

1,263,738 

953,090 


218,833 
7,785,591 
3,830,096 


61,846 
307,669 
308,661 


97,367 
6,734,650 
3,536,736 


233'644 
506, 155 


407,333 
16,324,692 
9,134,738 


Total 


2,246,115 


11,834,520 


678, 176 


10,368,753 


739,199 25,866,763 



44 



Table 77. — Argentina — Production and consumption of 
BUTTER and CHEESE in factories. 





[Estadistica Agricola. 






Year. 


Butter 
production. 


Per 
capita 
consump- 
tion. ' 


Cheese 
production. 


Per 

capita 

consump 

tion. 


1903 


Pounds. 
19,477,924 


Pounds. 
1.53 


Pounds. 
2,619,086 


Pounds. 
1.01 


1904 




1905 


19,475,371 
17,733,305 
14,832,672 
15,978,170 
15,766,680 
16,617,131 
17,427,498 
20,849,689 
22,482,506 
20,518,984 
22,367,645 
24,826,000 
33,404,099 
53,924,516 
156,722,973 


1.35 
1.34 
1.31 
1.25 
1.02 
1.43 
1.92 
1.64 
1.77 
1.57 
1.47 
1.48 
1.41 
1.44 
1.42 


4,299,897 
3,073,887 
4,124,411 
4, 135, 770 
6,799,630 
6,044,878 
7,745,993 
11,962,256 
12, 542, 898 
11,933,500 
14,938,370 
19, 195, 452 
35,050,935 
45,009,114 
149,893,528 


1.51 


1906 . . . 


1.74 


1907 


1.83 


1908 


1.88 


1909 


2.30 


1910 


2.17 


1911 


2.49 


1912 


3.07 


1913 


2.95 


1914 


2.50 


1915 ■. 


2.68 


1916 


2.63 


1917 


3.58 


1918 


3.72 


1919 


3.67 







1 Preliminary figures. 

Table 78.— Argentina— Imports and exports of BUTTER 
and CHEESE. 

[Argentine Yearbook, Estadistica Agricola.] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1870 


Pounds. 
103,001 
240,777 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 

1,263,317 

1,252,457 

2,620,504 

3,028,728 

9,536,041 

10,845,500 

11,848,927 

11,122,295 

8,453,245 

",305,954 

3,133,279 

689,356 

81, 894 

209,243 


Pounds. 


1880 


8,721 


3,104 


1890 


1900 






1,887 


1910 


1,375 
150,175 


6,341,589 

3,077,652 

8,105,747 

8,342,340 

7,676,417 

10,191,866 

12,502,286 

21,671,558 

41,821,262 

44,863,610 

141,249,486 


809 


1911 


1,142 


1912 


4,281 
16, 186 
7 771 


1913 . . 




1914 




1915 


798 
705 
805 
249 
9,921 


13, 344 


1916 . . 


502,648 
6, 014, 148 


1917 


1918 


14,177,253 
19,561,969 


1919 . . . 


1920 


113,860,915 









1 Special report to Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates. 



45 



Table 79 — Australia — Production of DAIRY 
PRODUCTS. 



[Yearbook and Bulletin of Production.] 



Year 


Total milk 
produced. 


Butter. 




Factory. 


Farm. 


Total. 


1901 


Gallons. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
101,671,066 


1902 








1903 








100,332,242 
140,255,208 
140,898,726 
159,934,617 
156,380,670 
145,317,357 
154,273,252 
193,211,909 
211,573,745 
187, 194, 161 
198,758,238 
193,970,412 
137,672,313 
182, 470, 778 
200,497,014 
181,802,675 
165,468,791 


1904 








1905 








1906 








1907 


475,860,552 
447, 509, 376 
481, 092, 361 
572,998,277 
594, 726, 964 
555,524,508 
583,785,215 
571, 150, 263 
434,767,460 
549, 684, 701 
607,362,725 
558,369,526 






1908 


129, 157, 191 
136, 007, 354 
174, 227, 684 
195,228,256 
171,042,044 
181,386,305 
178,778,836 
121, 664, 559 
165, 038, 927 
183,301,056 
165, 241, 772 


16, 160, 166 
18,265,898 
18,984,225 
16,345,489 
16,152,117 
17,371,933 
15,191,576 
16,007,754 
17,431,851 
17, 195, 958 
16, 560, 903 


1909 


1910 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 

1919 









Year. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
and pow- 


Factory. 


Farm. 


Total. 


dered milk 
produced. 


1901 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


PouTids. 
11, 575, 692 


Pounds. 


1902 






............. 


1903 






13, 423, 674 
12,635,257 
13, 155, 030 
14,847,958 
13,383,563 
14,759,788 
15,774,837 
16, 537, Oil 
15,886,712 
16, 160, 491 
19,743,415 
21,240,411 
15,829,226 
25, 408, 872 
27 430 805 




1904 








1905 








1906 








1907 






7,949,022 
9,643,551 
12 926 201 


1908 


11, 120, 147 
11,855,754 
12,060,474 
12, 167, 733 
11,946,221 
14,219,305 
16,666,773 
12, 108, 959 
21, 207, 961 
23,907,143 
20,995,399 


3,639,641 
3,919,083 
4,476,537 
3,718,979 
4,214,270 
5,524,110 
4,573,638 
3,720,267 
4,200,911 
3,523,662 
2,794,841 


1909 


1910 


12,491,261 
22,983,707 
30,059,911 
32,684,483 
32,052,694 
26,977,000 
45,694,897 


1911 


1912 


1913. 


1914 


1915 


1916.... 


1917. 


1918 


23',790!240 63! 289! 645 
26,196,292 


1919 













46 



Table 80.— Australia— Number of DAIRY COWS and 
TOTAL CATTLE. 

[Statistical account by T. A. Coughlin. Also An. Rep., U. S. Bureau of 
Animal Industry, 1900 (YB.)J. 



Year. 



1788 
1792 
1800 
1851 
1861 
1871 
1881 
1891 
1900 
1910 



Dairy 
cows. 



1 , 143, 276 
2,064,599 



Total cattle. 


■ Year. 
1911 


(1)6 


23 


1912 


1,044 


1913 


1,921,963 


1914 


4,039,839 


1915 


4,713,820 


1916 


8,709,628 


1917 


11,112,112 


1918 


8,640,225 


1919 


11,744,714 


1920 i 

1 



Dairy 
cows. 



120, 469 
056, 143 
035,717 
938,834 
684,393 
747,351 
904, 906 
902, 036 



Total cattle. 



11,828,954 
11,577,259 
11,483,882 
11,047,677 
9,931,416 
10, 467, 737 
11,956,024 
12,738,852 
12,888,617 



The first importation of cattle was in 1788 and consisted of six head. 



Table 81.— Australia— Exports of DAIRY PRODUCTS. 

[Trade Customs and Excise Revenue.] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


Milk 
powder. 


1899 


Pounds. 

2,363,088 

2,976,848 

13,608,224 

34,536,277 

55, 904, 151 

87,894,943 

101,722,136 

66, 679, 120 

75,795,642 


Pounds. 

None. 

None. 

None. 

293, 381 

193, 608 

911,760 

1, 149, 134 

146, 022 

1,602,609 


Pounds. 

None. 

None. 

None. 

None. 

None. 

266, 904 

870, 112 

812, 520 

1, 516, 160 


Pounds. 


1890 


None. 


1899 


None. 


1901 




1905 


None. 


1910 


None. 


1911 


146, 960 

833,894 

1,263,803 


1912 


1913 


1914 


19151 


54,021,523 
16,722,010 
75,840,568 
72, 277, 526 
41,114,764 
92,420,800 


2, 542, 478 
128, 229 
10, 569, 279 
8,426,647 
2,303,276 


4,765,619 

544, 713 

15,236,950 

25,181,569 

27, 272, 055 


141,777 


1916 


163,930 
None. 


1917 


1918 


404,823 


1919 


662,943 


1920 






! 



1 Qalendar year from 1899 to 1913, inclusive; then changed to fiscal 
year ended June 30. No figures for the year 1914. 

Table 82.— Austria— Number of COWS and TOTAL 
CATTLE. 

[Various authorities; (YB.).J 



Year. 


Cows. 


Total cattle. 


Year. 


Cows. 


Total cattle. 


1869 

1880 

1890 


3, 831, 136 
4,138,625 
4, 254, 303 


7, 425, 212 
8, 584, 077 
8,643,936 


1900 

1910 


4, 749, 152 
4.901,886 


9,511,170 
9,160,009 



I 



I 



47 



Table 83.— Canada— Number of DAIRY COWS and 
' TOTAL CATTLE. 



[The Dairy Industry of Canada; and Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural 

Statistics.] 


Year.i 


Dairy cows. 


Total cattle 
(YB.). 


Year.i 


Dairy cows. 


Total cattle 
, (YB.). 


187H.... 

1881 

1891 

1901 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


1,251,209 
1,595,800 
1 857,112 
2, 408, 677 
2, 853, 957 
2, 594, 179 
2,604,488 
2, 740, 434 


2, 624, 290 
3,514,989 
4, 120, 586 
5, 327, 504 
7, 104, 893 
6, 533, 436 
6, 431, 861 
6,656,121 


1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1920 

1921 


2,673,286 
2,666,846 

2, 833, 433 
3, 202, 2S3 
3,538,600 
3, 548, 437 

3, 5.30, 238 
3,736,832 


6,036,817 
6,066,001 
6, 594, 151 
7,920,940 
10,045,867 
10,085,011 
9, 477, 380 
10,206,205 



1 On Tune 15. 

2 Data for 1871 included only Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and 
Nova Scotia. 

Table 84.— Canada— Production of BUTTER and 
CHEESE. 

[Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner's Reports, and Yearbooks.] 



I 



Year. 


Farm. 


Factory. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


1871 


Pounds. 

74, 190, 584 
102, 545, 169 
111,577,210 
105, 343, 076 
137,110,200 


Pounds. 
4, 984, 843 
3, 184, 996 
6, 267, 203 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1881 






1891 






1901 


36,066,739 
64, 698, 165 
83, 991, 453 
82, 564, 130 
87,526,939 
93, 266, 876 
101, 554, 131 
111,691,718 


220, 833, 269 


1911 


1,371,092 


199, 904, 205 


1915 


183, 887, 837 
192, 968, 597 


1916 






1917 






194,904,336 

174,881,957 


1918 






1919... . 


1 125, 000, 000 
1125,000,000 




167,734,982 
149, 201, 866 


1920 











Year. 


Total. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


1871 


Pounds. 
74,190,584 


Pounds. 
23,000,000 


1881 


61,000,000 
109, 000, 000 


1891 . 




1901 


141, 409, 815 
201, 808, 365 




1911 


201, 275, 297 


1915.. 




1916 






1917 . . 






1918 






1919 


226, 554, 131 
236,691,718 


167,734,982 


1920 


149,201,856 







1 Farm butter estimated by Canadian officials. 



48 



Table 85. — Canada — Imports and exports of BUTTER 
and CHEESE. 

[Trade and Commerce Reports and Bulletin Commercial Series No. 1.] 



Fiscal year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


18701 


Pounds. 

83,728 

126, 848 

381, 329 

1, 175, 301 

393, 582 

1,227,390 

3, 874, 587 

7,989,269 

7,317,259 

6, 822, 540 

4,309,831 

997, 335 

434, 049 

1,934,062 

397, 955 

3,741,628 


Pounds. 

12, 260, 887 

18, 535, 362 

1, 951, 585 

25, 259, 737 

4,615,380 

3, 142, 682 

8, 844, 402 

828, 323 

1, 228, 753 

2,724,913 

3,441,183 

7,990,435 

4,926,154 

13,659,157 

17,612,605 

9,739,414 


Pounds. 

59, 744 

106, 815 

127, 556 

301, 098 

683, 778 

866, 653 

919, 189 

1,495,758 

1, 512, 108 

1, 162, 465 

971, 821 

785, 221 

343, 269 

172, 943 

362, 693 

551,040 


Pounds. 

5,8277,82 
40,368,678 
94, 260, 187 
185, 984, 430 

180, 859, 886 

181, 893, 724 
163, 450, 684 


1880 


1890 


1900 


1910 2... 


1911 


1912 


1913 


155 216 392 


1914 


144; 478', 340 
137 601 661 


1915 


1916 


168, 961, 583 
180,733,426 
169 530 753 


1917 


1918 


1919 


152', 207! 037 
126, 395, 777 
133,620,340 


1920 


1921 





1 1870 to 1900, year ended June 30. 
2 1910 to 1920, year ended Mar. 31. 

Table 86.— Canada— Exports of CREAM, CASEIN, and 
CONDENSED and EVAPORATED MILK. 



[Trade and Commerce Reports, and Bulletin Commercial Series No. 1.] 



Fiscal year. 


Cream. 


Casein. 


Condensed 
and evap- 
orated mOk. 


1911.. 


Gallons. 

1, 823, 821 

886, 266 

820, 360 

1,323,929 

1,895,575 

1, 262, 280 

803, 498 

585, 601 

485, 015 

795, 780 

1,279,195 


Pounds. 

1, 515, 172 

1,021,197 

349, 865 

270, 486 

230, 045 

50,564 

50,588 

16, 200 

9,110 


Pounds. 

6, 584, 828 

4, 389, 350 

335, 849 

9, 339, 382 

18,355,975 

13, 247, 834 

15,858,622 

43,656,718 

50, 786, 856 

54, 247, 498 

49,147,541 


1912 

1913. 


1914. 


1915 


1916. .. 


1917. 


1918 


1919. . . 


1920 


1921 









Year ended Mar 31. 



49 



Table 87.— Canada— Production of CONDENSED and 
POWDERED MILK. 



[Camdiai] 


News Letter, and Dairy and Coki 
Reports.] 


Storage Commissioner's 


Year. 


Condensed 
mUk. 


Milk 
powder. 


Year. 


Condensed 
milk. 


Milk 
powder. 


1910..... 

1917 

1918 


Pounds. 
27, 831, 596 
61, 520, 811 
79,807,971 


Pounds. 
5, 323, 537 
3,979,514 
5,530,915 


1919 

1920 


Pounds. 
85,961,610 
92, 104, 562 


Pounds. 
6,591,099 
7,574,668 



Table 



-Denmark— Number of DAIRY COWS and 
TOTAL CATTLE. 



[Department of Statistics of Denmark, Statistisk Aarbog, and Statistik 
Arsbok.] 


Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle 
(YB.). 


Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle 
(YB.). 


1876 

1881 


898,012 
898, 790 
1,011,098 
1,089,073 
1,281,974 
1.310,268 
1,281,132 


1,348,321 


19163.... 

1917^ 

19185.... 
1919&.... 

1920 &...•. 

1921 •'..... 


1,141,246 
1,147,183 
1,024,417 
1,042,143 
1,195,733 
1,184,268 


2,289,996 
2,458,158 


1893 

19031.... 
19091.... 
19141.... 
19152.... 


1,696,190 
1,840,466 
2, 253, 982 
2,462,862 
2,416,471 


2,123,722 
2,188,142 
2,286.408 
2,591,000 



1 Number on July 15. 

2 NumVjer on May 15. 

3 Number on Feb. 20. 



* Number on July 1. 
5 Number on July 15, including 
South Jutland. 



Table 89.— Denmark— Imports and exports of BUTTER. 

[Denmarks Vareindforsel og udforsel; Statistisk Tabelvaerk. (YB.)]. 



Year. 


Butter. 


Year. 


Butter. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1866.... 
1870.... 


Pounds. 
Not given. 


Pounds. 
10,710,194 
13,804,782 
27,057,726 
98,167,019 
131,100,071 
195,052,426 
197,481,675 
187,755,000 
200,670,408 


1914.... 
1915.... 
1916.... 
1917.... 
1918.... 
1919 


Pounds. 

3,054,473 
686,733 
190,698 

882 
220 


Pounds. 
210, 084, 491 
223,964.432 


1880.... 




211,090,450 


1890.... 
1900.... 
1910 


120,549,573 
146,700,515 
6,240,561 
6,026,935 
5,966,000 
6,242,104 


135,501,550 
32,305,547 

80,908,820 


1911 


1920. 




2 165,345.000 
2 199,584,863 


1912. 


19:1... 




1913.... 







1 Imports for 1S90 and 1900 were 
were for "special trade only." 

2 Semiofllcial, preliminary. 



•general." From 1910 the imports 



50 



Table 90. — Denmark — Average of the official weekly 
quotations on BUTTER. 

[Sin0r Tidende.] 



Year. 


Price 
pound.i 


Year. 


Price 

per 

pound.i 


Year. 


Price 
pound.i 


1851 

1860 

1870 


Cents. 
10.72 
13.67 
19.83 
24.12 
24.39 
26.80 


1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 


Cents. 
26.26 
30.55 
29.48 
29.75 
32.16 
36.70 


1916 

1917 

1918 


Cents. 
41.10 
62.20 
59. 10 


1880 

1890 

1900 


1919 

1920 

1921 


74.00 

78.85 
57.25 



1 Conversion made at the rate of 1 krone equals 26.8 cents. 

Table 91.— Finland— Number of COWS, TOTAL CAT 
TLE, and REINDEER. 

[Statistisk Arsbok.] 



Year. 


Cows. 


Total cat- 
tle (YB.). 

• 


Rein- 
deer.3 


Year. 


Cows. 


Total rat- 
tle (YB.). 


Rein- 
deer.3 


1865. . 


670,897 

687,060 

795, 575 

928,276 

1,072,002 

1,142,908 

1,150,500 


954,321 
997, 960 
1,132,002 
1,305,187 
1,427,560 
1, 573, 163 


. ... 


1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 
19152. 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 


1,151,659 
1,141,757 
1,164,229 
1,114,447 

1,080,558 
1,075,749 
1,015,901 






1870 






1880. . 
1890.. 
1900. . 
19101 
1911 


1,603,720 
1,537,936 
1,501,975 
1,500,670 
1,438,573 













1 The figures for 1910 are for month of September. 

2 Data for 1915 to 1918 are directly from the Finnish Government. 

3 The number of reindeer since 1895 has averaged about 125,000 h( 



51 



Table 92.— France— Number of COWS, TOTAL CAT- 
TLE, SHEEP, and GOATS. 

[Statistique Agricole Annuelle, and Annuaire Statistique; also Enquete 
sur I'lndustrie de Lait, 1902; (YB.).] 



Year 


Cows. 


Total 

cattle. 


Sheep. 


' Goats. 


1840 

1852 


5,501,825 
5,781,465 
6,408,261 
6,587,639 
6, 509, 325 
6,673,460 
7,819,582 
7,596,250 
7,606,670 
7,745,750 
7,794,270 
6,663,355 
0,266,035 
6,221,850 
6,177,940 
6,237,470 
6,327,510 
6, 544, 460 


11,761,538 
11,970,737 
12,811,589 
12,997,054 
13,662,585 
13,708,997 
14, 520, 832 
14,532,030 
14,435,530 
14,705,900 
14,787,410 
12,668,000 
12,514,414 
12,342,000 
12,241,980 
12, 250, 820 
12,373,660 
12,755,720 


14,804,946 


964,300 


1862 


14,572,430 

9,758,528 


1,216,774 
2,336,332 


1882 


1890 


1892 


8,804,401 
20,180,000 
17,111,000 
16,425,000 
16,468,000 
16,213,000 
14,038,000 
13,483,189 
12,379,000 
10,-587,000 
9,496,(KX) 
8,991,000 
9,376,630 


1,335,736 
1,558,000 
1,418,000 
1,424,000 
1,409,000 
1,453,000 
1,317,000 
1,230,000 
1,177,000 


1900 


1910 


1911 


1912 


1913 


19141 


19151 


19161 


19171 




19181 


1,197,000 


1919 


1,167,000 


1920 









I 



1 Not including the invaded portion. 

Table 93.— France— IMPORTS of BUTTER, CHEESE, 
and CONDENSED MILK. 

[Tableau G6n(5ral du Commerce de la France; ( YB.).| 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


1850 


Pounds. 

3,493,996 

3,926,503 

6, 635, 326 

15,641,716 

14, 164, 738 

13,559,262 

10,656,375 

19,939,064 

14,179,326 

13,033,816 

13,654,631 

1,710,549 

625,004 

742, 288 

1,983,693 

12,752,288 

4,812,000 


Pounds. 
9,568,652 
11,493,484 
23,756,057 
34,811,710 
28,725,722 
42,635,400 
49,011,340 
49,423,380 
55,494,410 
52,085,000 
45,521,242 
46,743,913 
24,139,268 
12,046,816 
11,206,202 
15, 233, 243 
15,130,000 


Pounds. 


I860 




1870 




1880 


8,718,364 


1890 . ... 


608, 170 


1900 


1,070,571 


1910 


1,631,624 


1911 


2,724,004 


1912 


3,205,047 


1913 


3,283,972 


1914 


15,535,375 


1915 


8,524,900 


1916 


21,894,764 


1917 


87,652,691 


1918 


33,404,320 


1919 


103,496,490 


1920 









52 



Table 94.— France— EXPORTS of BUTTER, CHEESE, 
and CONDENSED MILK. 

[Tableau General du Commerce de la France; (YB.).] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


1850 


Pounds. 
4,870,497 
26,073,317 
42,300,974 
68,484,843 
89,784,546 
44,658,761 
48,427,787 
28.221,305 
37,571,675 
38,359,820 
44,619,000 
50,336,088 
18,936,632 
6,728,439 
2,619,506 
1,119,055 
4,812,000 


Pounds. 
1,866,048 
3,458,969 
4,676,261 
9,407,683 
12,232,137 
18,467,555 
25, 160, 659 
24,041,383 
27,689,555 
37,386,709 
22,323,780 
16,241,729 
11,704,221 
7,403,488 
5,212,556 
7,336,027 
15,130,000 


Pounds. 


1860 




1870 




1880 




1890 . . 


167,772 
1,594,510 
4 251 351 


1900 


1910 


1911 


3^34^280 
4,136,932 
5,379,224 
4, 315; 063 
6,370,192 
2,205,702 
932, 105 
726,636 
2,121,487 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 


1920 







Table 95.— Germany— Number of COWS, TOTAL CAT- 
TLE, and GOATS. 

[Statistisches Jahrbuch, and Imperial Gazette.] 



Year. 


Cows. 


Total cattle 
(YB.). 


Goats (YB.). 


1883 


9, 087, 293 
9,946,255 
10, 458, 631 
10, 966, 998 
10,944,283 
11,320,460 
11,316,457 
10,970,009 


15, 786, 764 
17,555,834 
18, 939, 692 
20, 630, 544 
20,182,021 
20,994,344 
21,817,375 
20, 316, 948 
20,338,950 
19, 649, 575 
17,226,855 
16,317,320 
16,789,844 
16,839,559 




1892 


3,091,508 
3, 266, 997 
3,330,000 
3, 410, 396 
3, 548, 384 
3, 538, 414 


1900 


1907 


1912... 


1913 


1914 


1915 


3, 438, 296 


19161 


1917... 






1918 






19193 


7,796,931 
8, 865, 632 
8,222,753 


4,564,210 


1920 


1921 









1 September. 

Table 96.— Germany— Per capita BUTTER and CHEESE 
CONSUMPTION. 



Year. 


Butter 
consump- 
tion. 


Cheese 
consump- 
tion. 


1912 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
9.5 


1913 


14.7 
9.2 




1918 .... 









53 



Table 97.— Germany— YIELD of MILK and PRODUC- 
TION of DAIRY PRODUCTS. 

[Food conditions in Germany, E.vH. Starling, 1919.J 



Year. 


Average 
milk 
yield. 


Total milk 
yield. 


Butter pro- 
duced. 


Cheese pro- 
duced. 


1909-19131 

1916 


Gallons. 
580 
495 
412 
357 


Gallons. 
6,174,025,000 
4,290,000,000 
3, 657, 500, 000 
3,135,000,000 


Pounds. 
881,840,000 


Pounds. 
590,832,800 


1917 






1918 


529, 104, 000 









1 Average. 

Table 98.— Gennany— IMPORTS of DAIRY PROD- 
UCTS. 

[Auswartiger Handel Deutschland and Bui. 103, Bureau of Statistics; 
(YB.).] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


Whole milk. 


1897 


Pounds. 
19,936,946 
34,647,494 
92,815,865 
123,619,418 
122, 472, 143 
119,576,189 


Pounds. 
^pt found. 
36, 689, 123 
46,011,104 
45,954,448 
47,276,765 
57,902,937 


Pounds. 

3,086 

3,748 

59,083 

52,910 


Pounds. 
20, 743, 700 
1 33, 154, 098 


1900 


1910 


82,054,110 


1911 


92, 154, 264 


1912 




1913 


3,086 

882 

9,180,395 


5,602,550 


1914 


5, 515, 468 


19202 


17,236,965 


50,343,584 









Including cream. 



Preliminary. 



Table 99.— Gennany— EXPORTS of DAIRY PROD- 
UCTS. 

[Auswartiger Handel Deutschland and Bui. 103, Bureau of Statistics; 
(YB.).] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


Whole milk. 


1897 


Pounds. 
7,915,396 
5,565,072 
398, 592 
554, 898 
482,000 
602,000 


Pounds. 
Not found. 
2,562,627 
1, 858, 257 
2, 178, 806 
1,812,000 
1,603,000 


Pounds. 
6, 239, 018 
6, 104, 537 
10, 131, 901 
10,401,964 


Pounds. 
11,890,951 


1900. . . 


17, 254, 522 


1910 


15, 744, 592 


1911 


19,113,882 


1912 




1913 


1,471,791 

1,701,951 

524,695 


2,273,384 


1914 


2,228,189 


19201 


624,695 


172,841 









Preliminary. 



54 



Table 100.— Hungary— Number of COWS and TOTAL 
CATTLE. 

[Various authorities; (YB.).] 



Year. 


Cows. 


Total cattle. 


Year. 


Cows. 


Totalcattle. 


1870 


2,052,488 
2,035,217 
2,185,224 


5,279,193 
5,311,378 
6,738,365 


1904 




7,319,121 

7, 152, 568 

16,045,000 


1880 

1895 . . . 


1909 

1913- . 


2,500,000 









1 And 162,000 buffaloes. 



Table 101.— India— Number of CATTLE and 
BUFFALOES. 





[Yearbook, 


U. S. Department of Agriculture.] 






British India. 




Nati e States. 


Year. 




Year. 












Cattle. 


Buffaloes. 




Cattle. 


Buffaloes. 


1894-5. . . . 


67,045,000 


11,826,000 


1900-1... 


7, ?.9il, 000 


1,228,000 


1899-1900. 


72, 666, 000 


12,120,000 


1904-5... 


8,178,000 


1,347,000 


1904-5. . . . 


77,111,000 


12,871,000 


1909-10. . 


10,391,000 


1,559,000 


1910-11... 


94,664,000 


16,628,000 


1913-11,. 


12,236,000 


1,765,000 


1913-14... 


125,042,000 


IS, 235, 000 


1916-17. . 


12,999,000 


1,802,000 


1914-15... 


128,310,000 


19,025,000 


1917-18. . 


12,691,000 


1,863,000 


1915-16. . . 


129,742,000 


19, 206, 000 






1916-17... 


130,087,000 


19,266,000 






1917-18... 


129, 876, 000 


19,235,000 







Young buffaloes are included under cattle and not under buffaloes. 
The heading "Buffaloes" means adult animals. 
Figures for the Native States are reported as "not complete." 

Table 102.— Italy— Number of CATTLE, BUFFALOES, 
SHEEP, and GOATS. 



[Annuario Statistico Italiano, Census Reports 
(YB.).j 


, and L 'Italia Agricola; 


Year. 


Cattle. 


Buffaloes. 


Sheep. 


Goats. 


1881 1 < 




4,772,000 
5,672,000 
6,198,861 


11,000 


8,596,000 


2,016,000 


1905 4 






1908 2 


19, 366 


11,162,926 


2.714.878 


1914 


6,64 


3.000 


13,824,000 


1918 3 


6,239,741 1 24.026 


11,753,910 3.082.558 













1 Census taken in 1881 was as of Feb. 13. 

2 Census taken in 1908 was as of Mar. 10. 

3 Census taken in 1918 was as of April. 

4 Prior to the census of 1908 the data were taken by sending schedules 
out to be filled in by the farmers. 



55 



Table 103.— Italy— IMPORTS and EXPORTS of DAIRY 
PRODUCTS. 



[Movimento Commerciale, Ptaly; (YB.).] 





Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed milk. 


Year. 








Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports, 


Exports. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1871.. 


287, 700 


2,213,198 


12,553,433 


3,887,151 






1880.. 


509, 273 


5, 183, 896 


16, 512, 454 


5,368,862 






1890.. 


705, 913 


6, 709, 921 


17,059,195 


12,559,386 






1900.. 


429,236 


14,136,777 


9,352,134 


26,051,097 






1910. . 


345, 020 


8,295,469 


14, 760, 900 


57,515,814 


574,960 


6,615,123 


1911.. 


2,516,771 


8,147,320 


11,915,422 


61,402,526 


834, 882 


6,629,012 


1912.. 


899,256 


8,842,6.50 


10,068,629 


67, 504, 856 


954, 592 


7, 183, 689 


1913.. 


909,838 


6,034,211 


12,354,799 


72, 320, 580 


1,214,955 


5, 728, 653 


1914.. 


194,005 


9,310,026 


9,837,807 


66,003,526 


1,111,559 


9,998,522 


1915.. 


96, 561 


7,488,365 


3,471,584 


65,761,027 


1,335,106 


11,575,032 


1916.. 


135, 803 


792,113 


252. 206 


39,322,568 


959,001 


6,906,791 


1917.. 


126, 324 


171,518 


9.259 


4,336,669 


2,064,828 


646,389 


1918. . 


73, 193 


108, 687 


746, 037 


938, 278 


7,210,144 


157,408 


1919.. 


1,880,087 


50, 926 


11,151,308 


1,821,441 


27,383,341 


279,543 


1920.. 


3,103,856 


95, 6.S0 


5,893,337 


2,789,921 


1,632,727 


404,985 



Table 104.— Japan— Number of COWS, TOTAL CAT- 
TLE, and MILK COWS. 

[Japanese Yearbook.] 



i 



Year. 


Native 
cows. 


Cxrade 
cows. 


Foreign 

breeds of 

cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


Milk 
cows. 


Average 
yield. 


1899.. 


685, 106 
676, 600 
560, 295 
569, 441 
567, 973 
560, 564 
565, 324 
580, 907 
605, 244 
590, 084 
580, 770 
587, 859 
612,871 


70,002 
82,715 
171,278 
322, 857 
338, 278 
340, 193 
331, 919 
321,137 
307,969 
301,170 
295, 626 
298, 086 
304, 739 


14,055 
15,343 
15,943 
18,404 
21,345 
20, 870 
20, 815 
14, 625 
12,739 
12, 191 
12, 690 
14,918 
15,538 


1,252,865 
1,261,214 
1,167,610 
1,384,183 
1,405,026 
1,399,498 
1,388,708 
1,387,233 
1,387,922 
1,342,990 
1,304,331 
1,307,120 
1,344,865 




Pounds. 


1900 






1905.. 






1910. . 
1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 
1915.. 
1916. . 
1917.. 
1918.. 
1919. . 


41,333 
44,060 
41,943 
42,281 
43,374 
43, 645 
44,791 
45, 739 
42,035 
40,343 


2.581 
2,515 
2,732 
2,705 
2,722 
2,861 
2,871 
3,091 
3,339 
3,303 



56 



Table 105.— Japan— Quantity of DAIRY PRODUCTS 
made in factories. 

[Japanese Yearbook.] 



Year. 


Condensed 
milk. 


Butter. 


Artificial 
butter. 1 


1915 


Pounds. 
4,863,170 
8, 520, 541 
8,271,925 
14,405,419 
18,852,588 


Pounds. 

682, 282 

897,084 

1,428,258 

1,302,749 

1,203,253 


Pounds. 
410, 793 


1916 


481,869 


1917 .. ... 


811,687 


1918 


750, 592 


1919 


907, 704 







1 Principally vegetable. 

Table 106.— Netherlands— Number of DAIRY COWS 
and TOTAL CATTLE. 

[Jaarcijfers Kroninkrijk der Nederlanden, Rijk in Europe.] 



Year. 


Dairy 

cows. 


Total 
cattle (YB.) 


Year. 


Dairy 

COW'S. 


Total 
c>attle(YB.) 


1851 




1,243,700 
1,335,300 
1,435,700 
1, 4.34, 400 
1,532,200 
1,655,600 


1910 

1913 

19172 

19183 

1919^ 

1920 


1, 06S, 361 
1,109.679 
1,234,375 
1,130.908 
1,232,264 


2, 02G, 943 


1861 




2, 090, 599 


18711 

18811 

1891 

1900 


911, 200 
893,900 
897, 400 
965,800 


2, 301, 532 
2,048,872 
1,968,609 











1 The number of dairy cows shown for 1871 and 1S81 are the averages for 
the 10-year periods beginning on those dates. 
» Number m April. 3 Number in August. ^ Number in March. 



Table 107.— Netherlands— PRODUCTION and 
SUMPTION of FACTORY BUTTER. 

[Commerce Reports, No. 245, Oct, 18, 1920.] 



CON- 



Month. 



1916. 



Production. 



Consump- 
tion. 



1917. 



Production. 



Consump- 
tion. 



January — 
February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November . 
December. . 

Total 



Pounds. 
7, 054, 720 
7,054,720 
11,684, 3S0 
11,243,460 
14, 109, 440 
17, 195, 880 
12, 566, 220 
14, 770, 820 
10, 582, 080 
9, 038, 860 
9, 479, 780 
6. 393, 340 



Pounds. 
3, 968, 280 
4, 188, 740 
4, 409, 200 
3, 747, 820 
4, 409, 200 
6, 613, 800 
6, 393, 340 
8, 157, 020 
6, 613, 800 
6, 172, 880 
5,952,420 
4, 409, 200 



Pounds. 

5, 731, 960 

5. 731, 960 

9,700,240 

9,259,320 

11,243,460 

15,432,200 

11,023,000 

13, 227, 600 

9,920,700 

8,597,940 

7,716,100 

5,070,580 



131,173,700 



65, 035. 700 



112,655,060 



Pounds. 
4, 629, 660 
5, 070, 580 
4, 409, 200 
3, 747, 820 
4, 188, 740 
7, 054, 720 
6, 393, 340 

10,141,160 
6, 834, 260 
6, 393, 340 
3, 086, 440 
1, 984, 140 



63, 933, 400 



57 



Table 107.— Netherlands— PRODUCTION and CON- 
SUMPTION Df FACTORY BUTTER— Continued. 





1918. 


1919. 


Month. 


Production. 


Consump- 
tion. 


Production. 


Consump- 
' tion. 


January 


Pounds. 

3,968,280 

3,086,440 

4,629,660 

5, 511, 500 

9,479,780 

13,007,140 
9, 259, 320 

11,243,460 
8,377,480 
7,054,720 
7,275,180 
5, 070, 580 


Pounds. 
2, 425, 060 
2, 425, 060 
3, 527, 360 
4,629,660 
5,511,500 
8, 597, 940 
5,731,960 
6, 172, 880 
4, 850, 120 
5,070,580 
5,291,040 
3,968,280 


Pounds. 
3,747,820 
3,086,440 
4,629,660 
5,731,960 
8, 818, 400 
14, 109, 440 
10, 582, 080 
12,786,680 
9,038,860 
8,377,480 
8, 818, 400 
6, 172, 880 


Pounds. 
3, 086, 440 


February 


3, 527, 360 




4,409,200 


April 


3,308,900 


May 


5,291,040 




7,716,100 


July 


7,936,560 


August 


8,377,480 


September 

October 


6,393,340 
6,613,800 


November 


5,291,040 


December 


2,865,980 






Total 


87,963,540 


58, 201, 440 


95,900,100 


64,815,240 





Month. 


1920. 




Production. 


Consump- 
tion. 




Pounds. 
5,070,580 
3,968,280 
5,952,420 
7,495,640 
10,361,620 
13,668,520 
10, 141, 160 
12, 566, 220 


Pounds. 
3,306,900 


February 


4, 188, 740 


March 


5,731,960 


April.... 


5,191,040 


Mav . ... 


5,511,500 
9,920,700 




July . 


7, 716, 100 




7, 716, 100 








Total. . 













Extract from consular report: "Despite constantly increasing pro- 
duction, consumption thus far during the current year (1920) has 
amounted to 71 per cent of the output; in the full year 1919, it was 67.6 
per cent; in 1918, 66.1 per cent; in 1917, 56.8 per cent; and in 1916, only 
49.6 per cent. Production in 1920 has been at the rate of 103,836,660 
potmds, and consumption at the rate of 74,294,560 pounds for the entire 
year." 



58 



Table 108.— Netherlands— IMPORTS and EXPORTS of 
BUTTER and CHEESE. 

[Statistick van den in-uit-en doorvoer; (YB.)-] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1850 


Pounds. 
231, 890 

1, 572, 043 
6, 861, 284 

2, 759, 718 
8, 834, 868 
1, 634, 102 
4, 491, 879 
6,038,399 
4, 636, 273 
5, 529, 137 

3, 880, 444 
904, 693 
992, 070 

52, 339 

42, 782 

614, 753 

130, 675 


Pounds. 
26, 491, 049 
39, 331, 100 
1 47, 865, 455 
1 79, 479, 604 
87,203,279 
49, 762, 641 
72, 456, 276 
66, 512, 782 
86, 307, 885 
81, 702, 476 
84, 406, 790 
93, 351, 626 
78,997,431 
54, 214, 930 
5, 415, 259 
30, 242, 048 
45, 575, 696 


Pounds. 
287, 023 
611, 563 
512, 230 
635, 187 
655, 001 
578, 990 
676, 724 
649, 709 
652, 996 
663, 397 

2, 027, 819 
339, 559 


Pounds. 
49, 184, 300 
61,021 134 


1860 


1870 


64, 445, 875 
61, 857, 233 
66, 832, 431 
101, 208, 865 

122, 771, 456 
113, 607, 416 
131, 107, 075 
145, 336, 751 
149, 573, 576 
190, 333, 870 
199, 108, 449 

123, 633, 961 
32, 893, 251 
27, 371, 522 
99, 737, 645 


1880 


1890... . 


1900 


1910 


1911... 


1912 


1913 


1914... 


1915 


1916 


1917 


10, 163 

730 
42, 370 

488, 705 


1918 


1919 


1920... 





1 Oleomargarin and butter reported together from 1870 to 1889. 



Table 109. 

[New Zealand Yearbook and Statistical Abstract; (YB.).] 



New Zealand— Number of DAIRY COWS 
and TOTAL CATTLE. 



Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


1861 




193, 285 
249, 760 
436, 592 
494, 917 
698, 637 
853, 358 
831, 831 
1, 047, 901 
1,256,680 


1905 

1910 

1911 

19161 

19171 

1918 

1919 

1920 

1921 


517,720 
633, 733 
536, 629 
732, 931 
777, 439 
793, 215 
820, 451 
882, 854 
993,472 


1, 810, 936 
2, 020, 171 


1864 




1871 




1874 




2, 417, 191 
2, 575, 230 
2, 869, 465 
3, 035, 478 
3, 059, 445 
3,112,742 


1881 




1885 




1890 




1895 




1900 


372,416 



1 Number on June 20. 



59 



Table 110.— New Zealand— EXPORTS of DAIRY 
PRODUCTS. 

[Trade and Navigation Reports, Abstract of statistics of New Zealand, 
tji and 1915 Yearbook of New Zealand; (YB.).] 



Year ended 
June 30— 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


Casein. 




Pounds. 

25,984 

384,720 

304,304 

3,899,392 

19,329,296 

39,931,920 

33,867,344 

42,349,104 

41, 692, 896 

48,615,504 

47,056,128 

40, 166, 784 

28, 492, 464 

48, 274, 576 

38,731,602 

30,334,080 

71,531,040 


Pounds. 

1,456 

306,320 

80, 304 

4, 530, 512 

11, 519, 088 

50,614,480 

49, 187, 488 

64,631,840 

68,506,256 

96,742,912 

91,532,896 

106,334,592 

99,203,216 

98,944,160 

176,098,832 

161,381,360 

160,911,484 


Pounds. 
None. 


Pounds. 
None. 


p. 

870 


880 






890 






900 






910 






911 






1912 






1913 






1914 






1915 


1, 175, 106 
984,038 
4, 105, 849 
7,061,830 
2,146,438 


197,680 

451,248 

5,179 

138,320 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 


19201 




19211 













1 Year ended July 31. 

Table 111.— Norway— Number of COWS, TOTAL CAT- 
TLE, and REINDEER. 



[Norges Jordbrug, and Statistisk Aarbok; (YB.).] 



Year. 


Cows. 


Total cattle. 


Reindeer. 


1845 




842, 568 

949, 935 

953, 036 

1,016,617 

1,006,499 

950, 201 

1,039,000 

1,134,613 

1, 146, 000 

1,121,000 

1,126,000 

1,085,707 

1,053,743 


90,273 
116,891 
101, 768 

96,567 
170, 134 
109,000 
142,623 

(2) 


1855 


. 


1865. 




1875 


741, 598 
706,925 
689, 563 

727,898 
755, 483 


1890 


1900 


19071 


1910.. .. 


1914 


1915 





(2) 


1916 

1918 


782,000 


(2) 
(2) 


1919 












1 Beginning with 1907 figures are for Sept. 30; prior to that, December. 

2 Not officially reported after 1907. 



60 



Table 112.— Roumania— Number of DAIRY COWS and 
TOTAL CATTLE. 

[Estatistical Agricola a Romaniei; (YB.)-] 



Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


1884 




2, 376, 056 
2,406,071 
2, 520, 380 
2, 138, 315 
1 2, 588, 526 
1 2, 585, 205 


1911 




1 2, 666, 945 

1 2,938,000 

1 050 000 


1888 . . 




1916 




1890 


820,516 


1917 




1896 


1918 






1900 


701,227 


1919 




1,125,000 


1907 


1920 . . 















1 Including buffaloes. In 1900 there were 25,750 cow buffaloes, 10,482 
young buffaloes, and 7,243 other buffaloes in Roumania. 

Table 113.— Russia— TOTAL CATTLE in European 
Russia (including Poland). 

[Report 109, U. S. Dept. of Agric, and Statistical Abstract of Great 
Britain; (YB.]. 



• Year. 


Total cattle. 


Year. 


Total cattle. 


I860 


21,408,800 
27,322,219 
27,177,000 
28,541,400 
34,483,900 
36,301,602 


19111 


36,237,688 
34, 571, 750 


1877 


1912 


1881 


19131 


37, 165, 255 


1890 


1914 2 


32,704,000 
32,886,000 
38,373,000 


1900 


1915 2 


19101 


1916 2 







1 Includes northern Caucasia. 

2 U. S. Dept. of Agric, Bulletin 987. 

There are no available figures on the number of cows or dairy cows in 
Russia. 
Siberia in 1914 had 17,334,000 cattle. 
The number of reindeer in Russia in 1913 was 605,000. 

Table 114. — Russia (including Siberia) — Production of 
DAIRY PRODUCTS. 

[Reports of railroads; Enquete sur I'lndustrie, Paris.] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Milk and 
cream. 


Other dairy 
products. 


1901-19041 


Pounds. 
190,810,300 
226,844,230 
275,286,240 
306,414,650 
326. 253, 150 
162,507,600 


Pounds. 
122,421,580 
154, 920, 065 
238,639,120 
442, 939, 600 
525,972,740 


Pounds. 
60,128,690 
71,923,580 
97, 713, 630 
113,728,710 
124,549,710 


1905-19081 


1909-19111 


1912 


1913 


1917 2 









1 Yearly average. 

2 From Russian Chamber of Commerce at Paris (Int. Rev. of the Sci. 
and Prac. of Agric, Rome, July, August, September, 1919, p. 1000). 



61 



i 



Table 115.— Russia (including Siberia)— EXPORTS of 
BUTTER and CHEESE. 

[Russian Commerce Reports; (YB.).] 



Year. 


Butter 


Cheese 


Year. 


Butter 


Cheese 


exports. 


exports.! 


exports. 

r 


exports.i 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1860-1870 2 


6,842,479 


216,420 


1913 


172,003,064 


3,506,408 


1871-1875 2 


5,875,803 


36,070 


1914 


118,996,623 


1,520,782 


1876-1880 2 


6,694,592 


1,089,314 


1915 


119,358,799 


994,655 


1885-1888 2 


11,650,610 


1,861,212 


1916 


3 21,668 


3 104,727 


1894-1898 2 


14,896,910 


1,410,337 


1917 


21,668 


< 5,417 


1900 


42.923,300 
124,365,658 
168,704,448 
160,770,972 


1,490,047 
1,423,675 
2,102,162 


1918 






1910 


1919 






1911 


1920 






1912 


2,088,764 









1 Not ineludmg "curd." 

2 Average anmial export. 

3 Prelinunary figures. 

< European frontier only. Figures from U. S. War Trade Board. 

Table 116.— South Africa (British)— Production of 
BUTTER and CHEESE. 

[Reports of Secretary of Agriculture, South Africa.] 



Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Year. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


1913 


Pounds. 

10,741,000 

10,682,000 


Pounds. 
520, 849 
605,686 


1917 

1918 

1919.... 


Pounds. 

16,013,557 
1 17,935,680 
121,748,160 


Pounds. 


1914.... 
1915 


18,522,685 


1916.... 


13,500.000 


1,098,184 





1 Preliminary figures. 

Table 117 .—Spain— Number of CATTLE and GOATS. 

[Various sources.] 



Year. 


Total 
cattle(YB). 


Total 
goats. 


Year. 


Total 
cattle(YB). 


Total 
goats. 


1865 


2,904,598 
2,217,659 
2, 075, 142 
2,497,000 
2,368,767 
2,541,112 
2,561,894 
2,879,000 




1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

19201.... 


2,743,000 
2,926.170 
3,070,903 
3,233,000 
3,712,000 
3,173,577 
3,396,573 


3,265,000 


1891 

1905 


2,534,000 


3,216,682 
3,207,360 


1906 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


2,440,000 
3,216,489 
3,369,624 
3,116,226 
3,394,000 


4,182,003 
4,476,000 
3,685,808 
3,790,656 



Milk cows, 228,6 



62 



Table 118.— Sweden— Number of COWS and TOTAL 
CATTLE. 

[Statistik Arsbok and Statistik Tidskrift.] 



Year. 


Cows. 


Total 
cattle(YB). 


Year. 


Cows. 


Total 
cattle(YB). 


1865 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1910 

1911 


1,185,556 
1,231,477 
1,409,236 
1,578,927 
1,764,819 
1,861,219 
1.837.035 


1,924,354 
1,965,900 
2,227,757 
2,399,491 
2,582,555 
2,747,526 
2,689,609 


1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 1 . . . . 
19171.... 
19181.... 
19191.... 


1,841,991 
1,845,989 
1,841,. 508 
1,769,689 
1,775,353 
1,634,982 
1,607,060 


2,720,741 
2,761,000 
2,883,884 
2,913,159 
3,020,381 
2,584,159 
2,550.828 



1 Jiine 1. 

The number of reindeer in Sweden in 1918 was 275,084. 

Table 119.— Sweden— DAIRY PRODUCTS in factories. 

[Statistik Arsbok.] 



Year. 


Milk delivered 
to dairies. 1 


Number 
of butter 
factories. 


Butter made. 


Cheese 
made. 


1890 


Pounds. 
1,115,774,074 
1,634,582,991 
1,856,891,758 
2,023,987,671 
2,533,570,352 
2,879,401,605 
2,766,911,890 
2,376,434,915 
2,509,339,653 
2,085,194,455 
1,289,521,246 
1,560,534,928 


1,562 
1,793 
1,688 
1,575 
1,416 
1,650 
1,627 
1,663 
1,698 
1,762 
1,495 
1,450 


Pounds. 

35,479,510 

54,953,356 

57,570,964 

62,727,497 

72,616,094 

70,339,968 

72,615,115 

60,597,840 

62,264,518 

45,551,450 

23,454,739 

27,409,792 


Pounds. 

14,538,412 

15,243,652 

16,392,215 

19,043,775 

22,345,956 

32,138,659 

28,869,237 

24, 127, 142 


1895 


1900. . . 


1905 


1910 


1913... 


1914 


1915 


1916 


28,505,478 
22,630,219 
11,798,815 
17,603,731 


1917. . 


1918 


1919 





The term "dairies" is used throughout Europe for factories which 
receive milk and cream for any purpose; but generally it refers to butter 
and cheese factories. 



63 



Table 120.— Sweden— IMPORTS and EXPORTS of 
BUTTER and CHEESE. 

[Swedish Commerce Reports, Bidrag till Sveriges Officiala; (YB.).] 



Year. 

i 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


V 

1861-18651 


Pounds. 

2,352,000 

3,348,000 

5,992,000 

3,920,000 

1,096,678 

205, 352 

343, 029 

273,000 

432,071 

188, 879 

29,848 

61,059 

15,756,261 

11,425,615 

13,846,436 

16,940,874 


Pounds. 

369,600 

6,955,000 

17,684,000 

33, 163, 200 

42,246,271 

47,949,356 

48,888,521 

46,818,477 

43,329,909 

41,941,296 

41,532,093 

28,703,513 

3,117 

3,302 

76, 233 

53,417 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1871-18751 






1881-18851 






J890 


430,080 

710, 593 

707, 677 

742,950 

1,258,827 

1,213,758 

764,864 

1, 148, 233 

285, 855 

1,208,363 

423,715 

3,575,885 

5,511,985 


316,960 
9,163 

51,588 
6,393 

11,971 


1900 


1910. 


1911 


1912 


1913.. 


6,045 
69, 195 


1914 


1915 


627,978 


1916 


992 


1917. 


699 


1918 


172 


1919 


12 284 


1920 2 









1 Average. 

> Preliminary figures. 



Table 121.— Switzerland— Number of DAIRY COWS, 
TOTAL CATTLE, and GOATS. 

[Statistisches Jalirbuch der Schweiz; also Recensement Federal du 
B6tail; (YB.).] 



Year. 


Dairy 
cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


Goats. 


1866 


553,205 
592, 413 
663, 102 
688, 052 
739, 922 
785, 950 
796, 909 


993, 291 
1,035,856 
1,212,538 
1,306,696 
1,340,375 
1,498,144 
1,443,483 


375,482 


1876 .. 


396,031 
416,323 


1886 


1896 


415,817 
354,634 
362, 117 


1901 


1908 


1911 


341,296 


1912 




1913 . . 








1914 








1915 








1916. . . . 


848,011 


1,615,893 


358,093 


»1917 




;i918 


785, 547 
738, 896 
729,999 


1,520,165 
1,005,000 
1,382,116 


356,455 
349,794 


1919 


•19201 


33.3,852 







1 On April 21. 



64 



Table 122.— Switzerland— PRODUCTION of MILK as 
estimated officially. 

[Swiss Yearbook.] 



Year. 


Cov/s' milk. 


Goats' milk. 


Total milk. 


1911 


Pounds. 
5,224,902,000 
5,533.546,000 
5,798; 098,000 
5,886,282,000 
5,533,546,000 
5,423,316,000 
4,585,568,000 
3,968,280,000 


Pounds. 
209,437,000 
209,437,000 
209,437,000 
220,460,000 
220,460,000 
220,460,000 
220,460,000 
220,460,000 


Pounds. 
5,445,362,000 
5, 754, 006, 000 


1912 


1913 


6,018,558,000 
6,106,742,000 
5,731,960,000 
5,643,776,000 
4,806,028,000 
4,188,740,000 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 





These estimates were made in terms of million quintals, to the nearest 
tenth; hence quantities are not exact and can be considered only as gen- 
erally representative. 

Table 123.— Switzerland— DAIRY PRODUCTS 
manufactured. 

[Swiss Yearbook.] 



Year. 


Cheese. 


Butter. 


Condensed 
milk. 


1911 


Pounds. 
144,401,300 
170, 195, 120 
180,556,740 
174, 824, 780 
127,425,880 
110,891,380 
71,429,040 
63,051,560 


Pounds. 

31,525,780 

35,494,060 

37,2.57,740 

33,478,200 

36,596,360 

37,037,280 

30,864,400 

28,880,260 


Pounds. 
99,207,000 
99,207,000 
88,144,000 

121,2.53,000 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


110,230,000 
99,207,000 
66, 138, 000 


1916 


1917 


1918 


55,115,000 





Table 124.— Switzerland— Per capita CONSUMPTION 
of DAIRY PRODUCTS. 

[Swiss Yearbook.] 



Year. 


Cheese. 


Butter. 


Con- 
densed 
milk. 


Whole 
milk. 


1911 


Pounds. 
22.0 
28.9 
28.2 
26.4 
15.0 
17.4 
14.8 
16.1 


Pounds. 
11.5 
11.2 
12.6 
12.1 
11.0 
9.9 
8.2 
7.5 


Pounds. 
13.2 

8.8 


Gallons. 
64.3 


1912 


64.3 


1913 


67.2 


1914 


22.0 
15.4 
13.2 
11.0 


67.4 


1915 


67.7 


1916 


71.8 


1917 


67.5 


1918 


51.3 









65 



Table 125.— Switzerland— IMPORTS cf DAIRY 
PRODUCTS. 

[Swiss Commerce Reports, (YB,).] 



Year. 


Fresh milk. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
, milk. 


1885 


Pounds. 

246,033 

12,996,117 

16,037,865 

20, 110, 802 

23,858,181 

25,994,659 

27,649,211 

19,270,850 

15,510,463 

9,773,653 

7,655,474 

7,189,201 

6,225,570 

14, 149, 784 


Pounds. 
2,621,931 
3,556,681 
4,249,146 
11,062,683 
12,097,742 
11,930,925 
11, 155, 906 
8,900,411 
5,699,773 
946, 214 
369, 491 
54 454 
13,250'307 
18,253,647 


Pounds. 

2,854,957 

3, 182, 561 

5,171,991 

6,308,683 

7,643,789 

7,995,202 

7, 763, 058 

4,717,403 

3,409,854 

427, 251 

213, 626 

86, 640 

995, 817 

4,368,000 


Pounds. 


1890 




1900 




1910 




1911 




1912 




1913 




1914 . . . 




1915 




1916 





1917 




1918 




1919 


11,528,516 


1920 







Table 126.— Switzerland— EXPORTS of DAIRY 
PRODUCTS. 



[Swiss Commerce r^eports, (YB.).] 



Year. 


Fresh milk. 


Butter. 


Cheese. 


Condensed 
milk. 


1900 


Pounds. 

8,959,274 
31,063,475 
33,598,986 
35, 603, 408 
39,942,502 
37,642,884 
41,199,124 
34,942,689 
23,062,325 
20,739,113 
20, 562, 084 


Pounds. 
217, 594 
172, 400 
193, 343 
203, 705 
192, 682 
217, 374 
148,370 
2,646 
220 


Pounds. 
60,265,166 
69,391,549 
66,593,470 
66,435,401 
79,649,552 
77,572,599 
74,774,961 
47,214,815 
12, 861, 416 
2,680,353 
1,369,056 


Pounds. 
62,387,094 


1910 


63, 586, 876 


1911 


85, 975, 873 


1912 


91,978,558 


1913 


89, 415, 269 


1914 


100, 070, 762 


1915 


96,300,455 


1916 

1917 


76,300,455 
1 87, 686, 642 


1918 


43,820,394 


1919 


440 


22, 045, 559 


1920 















Figures for condensed milk for 1917 taken from Swiss Yearbook. 



66 



Table 127. — United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- 
land—Number of COWS and TOTAL CATTLE in the 
United Kingdom, including the Channel Islands and 
the Isle of Man. 

[British Statistical Abstract, and Board of Agriculture and Fisheries 
of England; (YB.).] 



Year 
(June). 


Cows. 


Total 
cattle. 


Year 
(June). 


Cows. 

- 


Total 
cattle. 


1875 


3,783,607 


10,128,112 


1914 


4,595,128 


12,184,505 


1880 


3,639,755 


9, 833, 563 


1915 


4, 494, 740 


12,171,452 


1890 


3,956,321 


10, 789, 421 


1916 


4,499,321 


12, 451, 540 


1900 


4,096,682 


11,455,009 


1917 


4,514,803 


12,382,236 


1910 


4, 342, 186 


11,765,453 


1918 


4,603,841 


12,311,149 


1911 


4,407,800 


11,866,111 


1919 


4, 587, 805 


12,491,427 


1912 


4, 400, 816 


11,914,635 


1920 


4, 381, 794 


11,770,274 


1913 


4,317,957 


11,936,600 









Table 128. — United Kingdom — Number and kinds of 
CATTLE on the Islands of Jersey and Guernsey, June, 
1920. 

[Agricultural Statistics, 1920, Vol. LV, Part I.] 



Classification. 


Jersey. 


Guernsey. 


Cows in milk 


4,966 

317 

1,000 

6,283 

126 

190 

1,674 

2,250 


2,837 
201 


Cows in calf, not milk 


Heifers in calf 


327 


Total cows 


3,365 
89 


Bulls being used 


Other cattle 2 years old and above 


422 




1,045 
1 333 


Other cattle, under 1 year 






Total 


10, 523 


6,254 





Table 129.— United Kingdom— MILK PRODUCTION in 
Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales). 

[Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, Part III, 1919.] 



Year. 


Annual 

yield 
per cow. 


Annual 
produc- 
tion, less 
milk for 
calves. 


Year. 


Annual 

yield 
per cow. 


Annual 
produc- 
tion, less 
milk for 
calves. 


1909-1913 . . 


Imperial 
gallons. 
560 
575 
550 
525 


Million 
gallons. 
1,231 
1,253 
1,241 
1,164 


1917 . 


Imperial 

gallons. 

495 

436 

470 


Million 
gallons. 
1,086 
955 


1914 . 


1918 


1915 


1919 


1,085 


1916 











One imperial gallon (British) equals 1.2 U. S. gallons, or 10.32 pounds. 



67 



Table 130.— United Kingdom— C O N S U M P T I O N of 
DAIRY PRODUCTS in 1919. 

[Estimates, Minister for Food in National Food Journal, London, Mar. 
10, 1920.] 



Product. 


Total 
consumption. 


Home 
production. 


Importation. 


Butter 


Pounds. 
403,200,000 
324,800,000 


Pounds. 
233,856,000 
97, 440, 000 


Pounds. 
169,344,000 


(Cheese.. ' 


227,360,000 


L. 





?ABLE 131.— United Kingdom— Average ANNUAL CON- 
SUMPTION of DAIRY PRODUCTS and MAR- 
GARIN from 1909 to 1913. 



[Estimates in 


British Food Journal, July-October 


1919.] 


Product. 


Total 
consumption. 


Home 
production. 


Importation. 


Butter 


Pounds. 
748,160,000 
353,920,000 
264,320,000 
568, 960, 000 


Pounds. 
282,056,320 

89,541,760 
134,274,560 
535,391,360 


Pounds. 
466,103,680 


Cheese. 


264,388,240 


Margarin 


130, 045, 440 


Margarin (1918) 


33,568,640 







Table 132. -United Kingdom— Average ANNUAL CON- 
SUMPTION of DAIRY PRODUCTS and MAR- 
GARIN from 1909 to 1913. 



[The Feeding of Nations 


by E.H. StarUng.] 




Product. 


Home produc- 
tion and 
importation. 


Per capita 
consump- 
tion. 




Pounds. 
9,920,700,000 
707, 676, 600 
324,076,200 
121, 693, 920 
261, 465, 560 


Pounds. 
216 


Butter 


115.38 


Cheese . 


17.04 




2.64 




5.46 







1 The per capita consumption of butter and of cheese as shown in this 
table is much less than that shown in Tabled 4 and 5. This ta'ule i3 
based on the average for 5 years, 1909 to 1913, while the figures in Tables 
4 and 5 are based on a single year. There was a decrease m imports 
and in production during this period, hence a decrease in consumption. 

Dairy products were estimated from 1908 census, and per capita con- 
sumption was obtai^ed by using 46 million as average population for 
the period. 



68 



Table 133.— United Kingdom— IMPORTS and 
EXPORTS of BUTTER. 

[Trade and Navigation Reports; (YB.).] 



Year. 


General 


Domestic 


Year. 


Genei^l 


Domestic 


imports. 


exports. 


imports. 


exports. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1850 


35, 823, 648 


6,791,568 


1913 


463, 571, 136 


1,220,240 


1860 


94,092,544 


14, 039, 424 


1914 


446, 230, 848 


1, 222, 256 


1870 


129, 831, 520 


6, 443, 136 


1915 


431,631,760 


1, 178, 352 


1880 


1 260, 546, 160 


3,517,696 


1916 


243, 646, 480 


979, 664 


1890 


227, 104, 304 


2, 745, 120 


1917 


202,329,792 


264, 208 


1900 


378, 363, 792 


1,177,120 


1918 


176,691,536 


197, 232 


1910 


484, 460, 368 


1,035,328 


1919 


2 174, 742, 848 


252,752 


1911 


481, 901, 504 


1,335,936 


1920 


2 192, 230, 528 


362,544 


1912 


448, 577, 808 


1, 270, 304 


1921 


2 394, 687, 776 


1,103,200 



Including margarin for 1880. 



2 Preliminary figures. 



Table 134.— United Kingdom— IMPORTS and 
EXPORTS of CHEESE. 

[Trade and Navigation Reports; (YB.).J 



Year. 


General 


Domestic 


Year. 


General 


Domestic 


imports. 


exports. 


imports. 


exports. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1 
I 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


1850 


33,003,168 


968, 016 


1913 


257,302,080 


995, 680 


1860 


65,327,696 


3,214,400 


! 1914 


272,592,768 


804, 832 


1870 


116,623,472 


2, 821, 728 


1 1915 


305, 372, 032 


824, 880 


1880 


198,911,664 


1,333,136 


1 1916 


291,661,888 


985, 824 


1890 


240, 136, 288 


1,367,632 


i 1917 


329, 959, 392 


212, 240 


1900 


303,058,3;i6 


1, 046, 600 


; 1918 


263, 131, 904 


70, 448 


1910 


275,110,080 


911,008 


1919 


1 237, 968, 080 


110,208 


1911 


263, 012, 512 


949, 088 


, 1920 


1 308, 029, 120 


454,048 


1912 


258, 584, 144 


956, 704 


1921 


1314,918,688 


479, 808 



1 Preliminary figures. 

Table 135.— United Kingdom— IMPORTS and EX- 
PORTS of CONDENSED AND EVAPORATED 
MILK. 

(Commerce and Trade Reports.) 



Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1888 


Pounds. 
26, 754, 464 
34, 370, 560 
92, 108, 912 
105, 974, 000 
124, 236, 560 

132, 082, 832 
137, 095, 728 

133, 525, 728 


Pounds. 


1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1920 

1921 


Pounds. 
170, 970, 016 
183,693,664 
184,255,344 
287, 582, 288 
1356,607,880 
1221, 140, 640 
1245,149,276 


Pounds. 
37,628,192 
35, 207, 312 
14,271,264 
320,720 
1,437,296 
6,233,936 
14,205,936 


1890 

1900 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 


6, 886, 992 
23, 458, 064 
49, 194, 432 
51,151,520 
52,651,424 
50, 676, 304 

7,146,960 



1 Preliminary figures. 

Prior to 1888 condensed milk was included in "Other dairy products." 



TOPICAL INDEX. 

Page. 

Explanatory note * 2 

General statistics 4 

Butter— 

consuxaption per capita, in various countries 5 

production and exportation, by countries .^.... 7 

standards of fat and moisture 8 

Butterfat receipts in creameries by months 9 

Ca]f, quantity of milk to raise a 9 

Cheese, consumption per capita, by countries 6 

Cow-testing associations, growth in various countries 6 

Food, normal, for United Kingdom 9 

Milk— 

and cream, weight per gallon, with varying fat content 8 

consumption per capita, by countries 5 

solids in various dairy products 7 

to raise a calf 9 

yield per cow, by countries 5 

Population of various countries 4 

United States 10 

Accredited herds IS 

Balance of trade with foreign countries, in dairy products 40,41 

Bull associations 1<J 

Butter- 
creamery, in storage, by months 28 

exports and imports 29, 40, 41 

factories, number of 25 

factory and farm production, by years 25 

from whey, production, by months 21, 25 

production in factories, by months 21 

production in factories, by States 23, 24 

production on farms, by States 27 

quotations, New York 30, 31 

quotations, San Francisco 29 

receipts. New York, Chicago, San Francisco 28 

renovated, New York quotations 36 

renovated, production and export 22 

Butterfat— 

delivered to creameries 9 

from advanced-register cows 14 

Buttermilk- 
condensed or evaporated 37 

dried or powdered 26, 38 

Casein- 
production from skim milk and buttermilk 26 

production, importation, and prices 37 

Cattle- 
exported 10 

imported 11, 14 

number, by breeds 10, 12 

number of dairy cows, on farms 11, 12, 27 

number of other cattle on farms, by years 11 

(69) 



70 

United States— Continued. 
Cattle— Continued, 
purebred— Page 

butterfat production, advanced register 14 

imported 11 

number on farms, by States 12 

registered, by years— 

Ayrshires 14 

Guernseys 15 

•Jersej^s 15 

Holsteins 15 

tuberculin-tested, by breeds 18 

Cheese — 

American Cheddar 21, 31, 35 

New York quotations 34 

jx-oduction, from whole milk and skim milk 21, 31 

brick and Miinster, production 21, 31 

cottage, pot, and baker's, production 21, 23, 24, 32 

cream and Neufchatel, production 21, 31 

domestic Swiss- 
Chicago quotations ; 34 

production, by months and years 21,31 

production, by States 32 

filled, production and export 35 

imports and exports 33, 40, 41 

imports from France, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland 33 

In storage, by months 35 

ItaUan varieties, production in United States 21, 31 

Limburger, production 21, 31 

production— 

by kinds 21, 31 

farm and factory 32 

in factories 23, 24 

onfarms 27, 32 

Condensed milk, evaporated and dried milk, etc.— 

buttermilk, powdered or condensed, production 23, 24, 26, 37, 38 

condensed milk, skimmed and unskimmed, sweetened and un- 
sweetened, production 22 

condensed and evaporated milk, imports and exports 36,40, 41 

condensed and evaporated milk, production 22,23,24,36,37 

evaporated milk with foreign fats, production 22, 23, 24 

factories in operation -. 37 

malted milk, production 26, 38 

powdered milk, whole or skimmed, production 26,38 

powdered cream, production 26 

sterilized irulk, canned, production 22, 23, 24, 36 

Cost of production of milk 20 

Cow-testing associations — 

growth before and after war 6 

number in United States 16 

yearly records in 10 

Creameries— 

butterfat delivered to, in each month 9 

number in United States 25 



71 



United States— Continued. 

Dairy products made— Vage . 

in factories, by months 21, 22 

in factories, by States ". 23, 24 

on farms, by States 27 

. Ice-cream production, by months and years 39 

Milk- 
distribution by uses f . - . 1" 

production- 
cost of 20 

on farms 27 

per cow 5, 27 

total 17,27 

received in Ptiiladelphia, New York, and Boston 19 

retailprice. New York 19 

wholesale price, Chicago 18 

(See also Condensed milk, etc.) 

Milk sugar- 
production, by months 26 

production and importation, by years 38 

Oleomargarin, production and exportation , 34 

Silos, number and capacity 17 

Tuberculin-tested cattle, by breeds 18 

Whey butter, production 21, 25 

Foreign countries: 

Argentina- 
butter and cheese , imports and exports 44 

butter and cheese , production and consumption 44 

cattle, number and character 43 

Australia- 
cattle 46 

dairy products 45 

exports 46 

Austria, cattle 46 

British South Africa, butter and cheese production 61 

Canada- 
butter and cheese, imports and exports 48 

butter and cheese production 47 

cattle 47 

condensed and powdered-milk production 49 

exports of dairy products 48 

Denmark- 
butter imports and exports 49 

butter quotations 50 

cattle 49 

Finland, cattle 50 

France- 
cattle 51 

cheese exported to United States 33 

i mports and exports 51,52 

Germany- 
cattle 52 

consumption of butter and cheese 52 

i mports and exports 53 

production of milk, butter, and cheese 53 



72 

Foreign countries — Continued. Page. 

Greece, cheese exported to United States 33 

Hungary, cattle 54 

India, cattle 54 

Italy- 
cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats 54 

cheese exported to United States 33 

i mports and exports 55 

Japan- 
cattle 55 

manufacture of dairy products 5G 

Netherlands- 
butter and cheese, imports and exports 58 

butter production and consumption 56, 57 

cattle 56 

New Zealand- 
cattle 5S 

exports 59 

Norway , cattle and reindeer 59 

Pan American coimtries— 

butter imports and exports 42 

cheese imports and exports 4:' 

condensed-milk imports 4:? 

Poland— See Russia. 

Roumania, cattle 60 

Russia- 
cattle GO 

dairy production 60 

exports of butter and cheese 61 

Siberia 60, 61 

South Africa (British), butter and cheese production 61 

Spain, cattle and goats 61 

Sweden — • 

cattle and reindeer 62 

dairy production 62 

imports and exports ., 63 

Switzerland- 
cattle and goat* 63 

cheese exported to United States 33 

consumption of dairy products 64 

dairy production 64 

imports and exports 65 

United Kingdom- 
butter imports and exports 68 

cattle and cows in kingdom 66 

Channel-Island cattle 66 

cheese imports and exports 68 

condensed and evaporated milk, imports and exports 68 

consumption of dairy products and margarin 67 

milk production 66 



O 



